苏轼的物我之思及其美育启示

Su Shi′s Reflection on External Object and Its Enlightenment for Aesthetic Education

在对物的观照中,苏轼强调“君子可以寓意于物,而不可以留意于物”,走出物质占有而在适情适性的审美体验中获得精神的自由与超越;认为“凡物皆有可观,苟有可观,皆有可乐”,在心性世界的涵养中消融物的外在差别,建构起无往而不适的人生态度;更在“有思而无所思”中“受万物之备”,彻底由现实人生走向审美的人生。在对物我关系的思考中,苏轼由“用”走向“美”,进而以“美”启“善”,最终臻于“尽善尽美”,塑造了一种富有启迪意义的生命范式,这与马克思主义美育“自由自觉”的精神指向具有内在的一致性,也对新时代美育工作如何实现“以美育人、以美化人、以美培元”有重要的启发意义。

Su Shi believed that people can embody moral in objects but not pay attention to it when he facing external objects,he broke away from the possession of things,and achieved spiritual freedom in the aesthetic experience.Su Shi emphasized that everything is worth to be appreciated,and people should be satisfied in this moment and the difference between objects is cancelled in his broad mind.Moreover,Su Shi stop the rational thinking and enjoy the nature only by perceptual emotion,which made he achieve an artistic and aesthetic life.When he was thinking about the relationship between ob⁃ject and oneself,Su Shi got rid of utilitarianism and moved towards to aestheticism and moralism.He shaped a kind of meaningful living pattern,which is consistent with the Marxist view of aesthetic educa⁃tion,and this is also important significance for how to achieve objectives of aesthetic education in the new era.