血脑屏障完整性与砷致认知功能障碍关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between blood-brain barrier integrity and arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction

砷是一种广泛存在于自然界中的环境毒物,可以通过饮水、呼吸、皮肤接触进入人体内。血脑屏障是限制血液中毒物、代谢产物等进入脑内从而维持脑内微环境稳态的重要屏障。不同形态的砷可能以不同的方式通过血脑屏障进入脑内,从而导致人或动物的认知功能障碍。因此,血脑屏障在砷诱导的认知功能障碍过程中可能发挥了重要作用。本文就血脑屏障的结构和功能、血脑屏障的转运方式、评价血脑屏障完整性的实验方法及砷致认知功能障碍与血脑屏障完整性的关系进行了简要概述,为后续寻找砷通过血脑屏障的方式、确定血脑屏障损伤在砷诱导认知功能障碍中的作用和机制提供参考。

Arsenic is an environmental toxicant widely present in nature,which can enter the human body through drinking water,respiration,and skin contact.The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is an important barrier that restricts the entry of toxins,metabolites,and other substances in the blood into the brain,thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment.Different forms of arsenic may cross BBB in different ways,resulting in cognitive dysfunction in humans or animals.Therefore,BBB may play an important role in arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction.This article provides a brief overview of the structure and function of the BBB,the transport mode of the BBB,experimental methods for evaluating the integrity of the BBB,and the relationship between arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction and the integrity of the BBB.It provides reference for the subsequent search for the way arsenic passes through the BBB,and the determination of the role and mechanism of BBB damage in arsenic induced cognitive dysfunction.