中国农村家庭教育支出的变化特征及驱动因素

The Changing Characteristics and Driving Factors of Rural Household Education Expenditure in China

利用宏观统计信息和家庭微观调查数据,本文刻画了2000—2020年间中国农村家庭教育支出的整体情况和分布特征,并采用无条件分位数回归方法,检验了影响农村家庭教育支出的驱动因素。研究发现:近20年来农村家庭的教育支出水平不断提高,而教育支出占家庭消费总支出的比例在5.9%-9.4%区间变动;相比于城镇家庭,农村家庭的教育支出水平更低,但是占家庭消费的比例更高;农村家庭之间的教育支出差距逐年扩大,而且高收入家庭的教育投资意愿更强;家庭收入和家庭结构是影响农村家庭教育支出的主要驱动因素,影响程度随时间呈现趋势性变化,表现为教育支出弹性随支出水平的提高而递减,学前教育阶段的家庭投入不断增加。

Using macro-statistical information and household micro-survey data,this paper examines the overall situation and distribution characteristics of household education expenditure in rural China from 2000 to 2020,and tests the driving factors affecting rural household education expenditure by using the unconditional quantile regression method.The results find that,in the past 20 years,the level of education expenditure of rural households has been continuously increasing,and the proportion of household education expenditure to total household consumption expenditure has fluctuated between 5.9%and 9.4%.Compared with urban households,the education expenditure of rural households is lower,but the proportion of household consumption is higher.The difference of education expenditure among rural households is expanding over time,and the proportion of household education expenditure to family income is increasing by income.Family income and family structure are the main driving factors affecting the education expenditure of rural households,and the influence degree shows a trend change over time.This is shown in the fact that the elasticity of education expenditure is decreasing with the increase of expenditure level,and the family investment in pre-school education continues to increase.