航空轴承试验台支点轴承故障分析与试验验证

Failure Analysis and Test Verification of Fulcrum Bearing on Aero-bearing Test Bench

针对某型航空轴承试验台主轴支点轴承抱轴、外圈断裂故障,开展轴承损伤形貌宏观检查、断裂套圈断口微观理化分析、轴承工作游隙计算分析、润滑检查分析及试验过程中试验数据复查等工作,明确了轴承故障原因为:轴承初始游隙偏小,润滑冷却效果不良,两者共同导致轴承在工作时出现了较大负游隙,滚动体与套圈滚道挤压磨损严重,最终导致轴承抱轴、套圈瞬时断裂。提出加大轴承初始游隙、增加润滑喷嘴喷射速度及改善喷射位置的措施,并开展试验验证。试验结果表明,采取改进措施后轴承润滑冷却效果改善,温升明显降低。

Aimed at the failure of the main shaft fulcrum bearing on an aero-bearing test bench holding shaft and outer ring fracture,macro inspection of the bearing damage morphology,micro physical and chemical analysis of the fracture ring fractures,bearing working clearance calculation,lubrication inspection and the review of the test data during the test were carried out.It is found that the cause of the bearing failure is that the initial clearance of the bearing is not enough and the lubrication and cooling effect is poor,which cause large negative clearance in the bearing during operation,resulting in serious extrusion and wear between the rollers and ring raceways,and finally leading to the bearing holding shaft and instantaneous fracture of the bearing ring.The measures of increasing initial clearance and oil jet velocity,improving position of the lubrication nozzle were put forward and the test verification was carried out.The results show that the lubrication and cooling effect of the bearing is improved and the temperature rise is significantly reduced after improvement.