鲁迅小说英译中的赞助权力话语及其副文本操纵

Power discourse and paratext manipulation of patronage in English translations of Lu Xun's novels

对出版机构赞助权力话语的考察有助于辩证地认识文学翻译的出版路径,描写翻译的社会交际属性和生产属性。从赞助人框架出发,对比考察鲁迅小说不同英译本的出版主体及其在副文本层面的权力话语书写与操纵。外宣译出路径赞助下的杨宪益、戴乃迭译本,其赞助主体在副文本中显身外叙,同期译者隐身。学术译入路径赞助下的莱尔(Lyell)译本,其赞助主体在副文本中有限介入,协力译者的学术诠释。商业译入路径赞助下的蓝诗玲译本,其赞助主体与译者在副文本中共同显身,协调互动,形成同一导向的副文本话语,以吸引大众读者。三个译本不同的副文本话语反映出三类中国文学翻译出版路径的各自优势。外宣译出路径保障了译本话语叙事与中国文化形象构建的真实,学术译入路径通过话语诠释构建了中国文学在海外专业读者群中的声名,商业译入路径通过引导性的副文本话语帮助打开大众读者市场。这种不同赞助主体施为路径的特征与优势启示中国文学对外翻译守正创新,协调各类路径以多元的话语叙事形式共促中国文化对外传播。

The study on patronage's power discourse of different publishing institutions would be helpful to dialectically understand paths of literary translation and profile the social communication attribute and production attribute of translation.From the perspective of patronage framework,the study compares publishing bodies conducting in different English versions of Lu Xun's novels,as well as their power discourse and manipulation featured in paratexts.Translation by Yang Xianyi and Gladys B.Tayler belongs to the path of publicity translating in which patronages explicitly narrate their discourse while the translator is invisible.Translation by William A.Lyell belongs to the path of academic translating in which patronages mainly support the translator to narrate academic discourses.Translation by Julia Lovell belongs to the path of commercial translating in which patronages and the translator get coordinated in narrating paratext discourses so as to fully attract public readers.The paratext discourses of three translations reflect the respective advantages of different paths paths of Chines literature translating and publishing.The publicity translating path ensures the truth of discourse narrative and the construction of Chinese cultural image.The academic translation path constructs the reputation of Chinese literature among overseas professional readers via discourse interpretation.The commercial translating path helps to open up the mass reader market through guiding paratext discourse.The characteristics and advantages of translating paths with different patronages enlighten Chinese literature translation to uphold fundamental principles,break new ground and promote overseas communication of Chinese culture via diversified discourse narrative methods.