我国岩溶地区2016—2021年石漠化土地动态变化及其原因分析

Dynamic Change and Reason Analysis of Rocky Desertification Land in Karst Area of China During 2016-2021

为提升石漠化调查成果数据共享应用水平,通过挖掘整理与分析最近两期石漠化调查数据,从石漠化土地状况、程度、分省、流域及土地利用现状等方面分析石漠化土地动态变化情况,并从林草植被保护、石漠化生态修复、生态环境承载压力、农村能源、社会经济、农业生产条件、基础设施建设及自然气候条件等方面归纳总结石漠化变化原因。得出如下结论:2016—2021年,岩溶地区石漠化土地总面积净减少333.1万hm^(2),年均缩减率为7.7%,且各省石漠化土地面积均减少;2016—2021年,轻度、中度、重度和极重度石漠化土地减少面积分别为118.8万hm^(2)、149.2万hm^(2)、54.2万hm^(2)和10.9万hm^(2),石漠化程度减轻。石漠化土地“面积减少、程度减轻”首先归结于持续实施石漠化土地一体化生态保护与修复政策、生态工程,治理成效日趋显现;其次是人为活动压力减轻与良好的自然气候条件相结合,促进了岩溶地区林草植被的自然修复。通过掌握我国石漠化土地动态变化规律,以期为我国石漠化防治政策调整与科学推进石漠化综合工程提供数据支撑。

In order to improve the data sharing and application level of rocky desertification survey results,the dynamic change of rocky desertification land is analyzed from the aspects of rocky desertification land status,degree,province,river basin and land use status by digging,sorting and analyzing the recent two periods of rocky desertification survey data.The reasons for the change of rocky desertification are summarized from the aspects of forest and grass vegetation protection,rocky desertification ecological restoration,ecological environment bearing pressure,rural energy,social economy,agricultural production conditions,infrastructure construction and natural climate conditions.The conclusions are as follows:(1)during 2016—2021,the total area of rocky desertification land in karst areas was net decreased by 3.331 million hm,with an average annual reduction rate of 7.7%,and the area of rocky desertification land decreased in all provinces;(2)during 20162021,the land area of mild,moderate,severe and extremely severe rocky desertification decreased by 1.188 million hm^(2),1.492 million hm^(2),0.542 million hm^(2)and 0.109 million hm^(2),respectively,and the degree decreased;(3)The reduction of both the area and degree of the rocky desertification land is first attributed to the continuous implementation of the integrated ecological protection and restoration policy and ecological engineering of the rocky desertification land,and the treatment effect is becoming increasingly apparent;secondly,the combination of human disturbance reduction and good natural climate conditions promotes the natural restoration of forest and grass vegetation in karst areas.The dynamic changing laws of rocky desertification land in our country are understood,which provides a data basis for the adjustment of rocky desertification control policy and scientific promotion of rocky desertification comprehensive project.