互动与分化:近代“社会”的生成重构与南京政府民众政策的策略选择

Interaction and Differentiation: Formation and Reconstruction of “Society”in Modern Times and Strategic Choice of Nanjing Government’s People Policy

近代以来,在西方现代政治观念推动下,中国民众的主体意识开始自知自觉,带有公共空间意义的现代“社会”逐步生成。南京政府时期,以社团为载体的现代组织方式,推动了社会实体——“民众”力量的不断充实和发展。同时,社会团体的大规模兴起与蓬勃发展也推动了具有现代意义的“社会”进行重构。南京政府因“害怕民众”而极力消解民众力量,避免“社会”的组织化、实体化,民众政策从“运动民众”走向“训练民众”,始终以多种方式全面“控制民众”,以灌输“党国”意志为根本进行“重塑社会”。其民众政策无法发挥与民众合作、互动的良性效能,最终将民众推向与“国家”和“政党”相对立的一方,造成国家与社会的分化、政党与民众的疏离。

Since modern times,under the promotion of Western modern political ideas,the subject consciousness of Chinese people began to be self-aware,and the modern“society”with public space began to emerge.During the period of Nanjing government,the modern organization with the mass organization as the carrier promoted the continuous generation and development of the social entity.The large-scale rise and vigorous development of social groups promoted the reconstruction of the“society”in the sense of modern state.At the same time,the Nanjing government was“afraid of the people”and tried to neutralize the power of the people and avoid the organization and materialization of the“society”,the strategy choice of the people’s policy inculcated the“party-state”will as the fundamental to“reshape society”.Its people policy can not play a good role of cooperation and interaction with the people,resulting in thedivision of the state and society,and the alienation of political party from the people.