变与不变的悖论——再议津田左右吉的中国观

Paradox of Change and Constant——Reconsidering Tsuda Soukichi’s View of China

1945年日本的战败给日本知识人带来了重大的思想变动,知识人格局发生了变化。津田左右吉是日本战后文化保守主义者的典型代表。战前的津田左右吉以构筑独特的近代日本国民思想史为核心问题,塑造出“自由的日本”与“停滞的中国”的对立构图。战后的津田左右吉直面战后日本应如何重建民族主体性的思想课题,在其战前认识的基础上,从“中国无国民”论转向“中国非民族”论,试图再次阐明日本民族的特殊性与日本中国学的优越性。从战前到战后,在“不变的中国观”和“变化的中国观”的背后,既存在继承明治初年的启蒙主义思想资源,始终以西方文明为绝对标准,试图刻画出“停滞的中国”像的津田史学,亦存在作为非学院派思想史家,而呈现出某种“非理性”思考和强烈的政治关心的津田史学。

Japan’s defeat in 1945 led to a major ideological shift among Japanese intellectuals.Before the war,Tsuda Soukichi built a binary composition of“Japan of freedom”and“China of stagnation”to create a unique national intellectual history of modern Japan.After the war,Tsuda Soukichi faced an ideological topic that how Japan should rebuild its national subjectivity.He tried to explain the particularity of the Japanese nation and the superiority of Japanese Sinology once again.From pre-war to post-war,underlying the“changing view of China”and“constant view of China”,there are two sides of his historiography.Tsuda tried to portray a“China of stagnation”by inheriting the ideological resources of the Enlightenment of the early Meiji Period.The other illustrated Tsuda’s“irrational”thinking to some extent,such that he can be regarded as a nonacademic historian.