跆拳道训练对4-6岁儿童动静态平衡能力的影响

The Effects of Taekwondo Training on the Dynamic and Static Balance Abilities of 4-6 Year Old Children

目的:探讨跆拳道训练对4-6岁儿童动静态平衡能力的影响,为学龄前儿童预防运动损伤及提升平衡能力提供理论依据。方法:通过年龄分层抽样从杭州市某幼儿园与跆拳道俱乐部随机挑选80名4-6岁儿童,采用走平衡木与Y型平衡测试评估动态平衡能力;采用Wii-Fit平衡板测试睁/闭眼状态下并足站立与右足单足站立时的各项静态平衡能力指标。使用独立样本t检验分析训练因素对动态平衡能力的影响,使用双因素方差分析检验训练与视觉因素(睁闭眼)对静态平衡能力的影响。结果:训练组在走平衡木与Y型平衡测试中表现出比对照组更好的动态平衡能力(t_(平衡木)=6.455,P<0.01;t_(Y型平衡测试)=-2.700,P<0.01);在并足站立条件下,训练组cop轨迹长及面积均小于对照组(F_(Area)=20.44,ηP~2=0.12,P<0.01;F_(Length)=174.16,ηP~2=0.54,P<0.01);当右足单足站立时,训练组在有无视觉信息的两种情况下均优于对照组(t_睁=-5.93,P<0.01;t_闭=-11.53,P<0.01)。结论:有跆拳道训练经验的4~6岁儿童在不同站姿任务及视觉条件下,均表现出更强的动静态平衡能力。

Objective:To investigate the effect of taekwondo training on the dynamic and static balance ability of children aged 4-6 years old and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing sports injuries and improving balance ability in preschool children,Methods Eighty children aged 4-6 years were randomly selected from a kindergarten and a taek-wondo club in Hangzhou by age-stratified sampling,and dynamic balance2 ability was assessed by walking on a bal-ance beam and Y-balance test;the Wii-Fit balance board was used to test each static balance ability index when standing side-by-side with eyes open/closed and standing with one right foot.The effect of training factors on dy-namic balance ability was analyzed using an independent samples t-test,and the effect of training and visual factors(eyes open/closed)on static balance ability was tested using two-factor ANOVA.Results The training group showed better dynamic balance ability than the control group in the balance beam walking and Y-balance tests(talance beam=6.455,P<0.01;ty-balne test=-2.700,P<0.01);under the side-by-side standing condition,the cop track length and area of the training group were smaller than those of the control group.(FArea=20.44,nP2=0.12,P<0.01;FLengh=174.16,nP2=0.54,P<0.01)The training group outperformed the control group in both conditions with and without visual information when the right foot was in unipedal stance.(t open=-5.93,P<0.0l;t closed=-11.53,P<0.01)Conclusion Children aged 4 to 6 years with taekwondo training experience showed greater dy-namic and static balance ability in different standing tasks and visual conditions.