不同砧穗组合苹果枝条的抗寒性评价

Evaluation of Cold Resistance of Apple Branches With Different Rootstock and Spike Combinations

以“青砧一号”/“秦脆”、“八棱海棠”/“秦脆”、‘M26’/“秦脆”脆砧穗组合的一年生深度休眠期苹果枝条为试材,分别在-15、-20、-25、-30、-35、-40℃的人工低温处理12 h,研究了相对电导率(REC),过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白质含量等生理指标的影响,以期为筛选抗寒性强的优良砧穗组合,为阿拉尔垦区嫁接苹果的抗寒栽培和引进砧穗组合提供参考依据。结果表明:随着温度的降低,3个砧穗组合苹果枝条的相对电导率逐渐升高,呈“S”形变化曲线;抗寒性强的砧穗组合随温度降低能保持较高的酶活性,丙二醛含量维持在较低水平,脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量维持在较高水平。3个砧穗组合苹果品种在阿拉尔垦区的综合抗寒性表现为“青砧一号”/“秦脆”组合抗寒性强于“八棱海棠”/“秦脆”组合强于‘M26’/“秦脆”组合,半致死温度分别为-23.95、-21.35℃和-21.23℃。

The one-year-old deeply dormant apple shoots combined with‘Green Anvil No.1'/‘Qin Crisp',‘Begonia Octopus'/‘Qin Crisp',‘M26'/‘Qin Crisp'anvil were treated at artificial low temperature at-15,-20,-25,-30,-35℃and-40℃for 12 hours,respectively.The effects of low temperature on the relative conductivity(REC),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)enzyme,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA),free proline(Pro),soluble protein content and other physiological indexes were studied,in order to screen out excellent anvil combinations with strong cold resistance,and provide reference for the cold resistance cultivation and introduction of anvil combinations of grafted apples in the Aralken area.The results showed that with the decrease of temperature,the relative conductivity of apple branches of the three anvil combinations gradually increased,showed an‘S'shaped change curve.The combination of anvils with strong cold resistance maintained high enzyme activity with decreasing temperature,malondialdehyde content remained low,and proline and soluble protein content remained at high levels.The comprehensive cold resistance of the three anvil combination apple varieties in the Aralken area was as follows,the cold resistance of the‘Anvil No.1'/‘Qin Crisp'combination was stronger than that of‘Begonia'/‘Qin Crisp'combination was stronger than that of‘M26'/‘Qin Crisp'combination,and the semi-lethal temperatures were-23.95,-21.35℃and-21.23℃,respectively.