设施甜瓜与根际土壤对生物菌液替代化肥的响应

Responses of Muskmelon and Rhizospheric Soil to Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer With Microbial Fermentation Solution

以3个厚皮甜瓜品种为试材,采用传统追施水溶性化肥(T1)和追施生物菌液(T2)2种施肥方法,研究高肥力土壤(速效养分超标)用生物菌液完全替代化肥对根际土壤生态和甜瓜生长、产量、品质的影响,以期为设施果蔬化肥减量提供参考依据。结果表明:270 L·hm^(-2)生物菌液(T2)替代180 kg·hm^(-2)化肥(T1),T2与T1相比,氮、钾投入量分别减少73.7%、97.8%,磷增加31.4%,根际土壤养分含量无显著差异。在微生物多样性上,细菌菌群T2>T1,但差异不显著,真菌菌群T1显著大于T2。在微生物组成上,T2有46种属水平的细菌菌群含量大于T1,后者有185个属水平的真菌菌群大于前者。2种施肥处理甜瓜产量和可溶性固形物含量均无显著差异。因此,在高肥力设施土壤可用生物菌液替代化肥实现氮、钾化肥减量增效。

Three varieties muskmelon were used as experimental materials,and fertilization treatments,included 180 kg·hm^(-2)chemical fertilizer(T1)and 270 L·hm^(-2)microbial fermentation solution(T2),were chosen in greenhouse with fertile soil to study effects on rhizosphere soil nutrient content,micro-flora,and quality and yield,in order to provide reference for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer in fruits and vegetables.The results showed that there was no significant difference in nutrient content of rhizosphere soil between T1 and T2,when application in N,K was reduced by 73.7%,97.8%and P increased by 31.4%in T2 compared with T1.The diversity of T2 bacterial flora was greater than that of Tl without no significant difference,but the diversity of T1 fungal flora was significantly higher than that of T2.At the genus level,T2 had 46 bacterial flora greater in relative content than Tl,and the latter had 185 fungal flora greater than the former.Furthermore,yield and soluble solids content did not reach significant differences between treatments.In conclusion,reduction of nitrogen and potassium application can be achieved by replacing chemical fertilizers with microbial fermentation solution in high fertility soil in greenhouse.