农村人居环境治理绩效生成模式研究——基于31个省市典型案例的模糊集定性比较分析

Modes for generation of rural living environments governance performance:A Fuzzy set qualitatively comparative analysis

农村人居环境整治行动在取得显著成效的同时也存在着治理绩效差异化现象与不平衡问题。基于“政府行政层-政社互动层-村民自治层”的整体性分析框架,以我国31个省份为案例样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法探讨农村人居环境治理绩效的影响因素及其相互之间的联动效应,以揭示高治理绩效的生成模式与路径选择。研究发现,农村人居环境治理绩效生成呈现出了一种超越“双轨式治理”传统的“复合型治理”逻辑:1)强有力的行政执行与高程度的村民自治相结合的“双轨式治理”仍为必要条件,发挥着普适性的作用。2)仅有“双轨式治理”并不构成农村人居环境高治理绩效的充分条件,资金投入、激励强化、协同互动与情感联结等四个条件变量相互作用,与“双轨式治理”一同形成了驱动农村人居环境治理绩效生成的多样化组态,包括“双轨治理-情感激励”模式、“双轨治理-情感协同”模式、“双轨治理-财政激励”模式、“双轨治理-财政协同”模式与“混合型治理”模式。3)通过跨案例比较进一步发现,“双轨式治理”的超越逻辑是在政府工具介入属性(经济属性与情感属性)和治理主体关系面向(分立面向与合作面向)两大维度的基础上形成的。不同地区应结合自身实际与特色优势有针对性地选择治理模式与路径,以弥合治理绩效的不平衡。

As the rural living environment governance action has achieved remarkable performance,there are still differences and imbalances in governance performance.Based on the holistic analysis framework of"government administration level-government and social interaction level-villagers'autonomy level",taking 31 provinces in China as case samples,this study uses fsQCA method to explore the factors influencing the rural living environment governance performance and their interaction effects,so as to reveal the generation mode and path choice for high governance performance.The research finds that the generation of rural living environment governance performance presents a logic of"compound governance"that goes beyond the traditional"dual-track governance":1)The"dual-track governance"that combines strong administrative implementation with a high degree of villagers'autonomy is still a necessary condition and plays a universal role.2)"dual-track governance"itself does not constitute a sufficient condition for efficient performance of rural living environment governance.Four conditional variables including financial investment,incentive reinforcement,collaborative interaction and emotional connection,interact with"dual-track governance"to form a diversified configuration that drives the generation of performance of rural living environment governance,including"dual-track governance-emotion incentive"mode,"dual-track governance-emotion collaboration"mode,"dual-track governance-finance incentive"mode,"dual-track governance-finance collaboration"mode,and"hybrid governance"mode.3)Through cross case comparison,it is further found that the transcendental logic of"dual-track governance"is formed on the basis of two dimensions:the intervention attribute of government tools(economic attribute and emotional attribute)and the relationship orientation of governance subjects(separation orientation and cooperation orientation).Different regions should choose the governance mode and path according to their own reality and characteristic advantages,so as to bridge the imbalance of governance performance.