温饱与环保:多维贫困如何影响农民绿色生产?—基于湖北省1507份农户数据的检验

How does multidimensional poverty affect farmers’green production?A case study in Hubei Province

农业生产实践中,农民不得不面临着“温饱”与“环保”的权衡与取舍。基于农民绿色生产兼具投资和消费的双重属性,文中尝试构建了后脱贫时代背景下,相对贫困、多维贫困对农民绿色生产行为影响分析框架,并采用Binary Probit模型和Threshold Regression模型,以湖北省1507份农户的有机肥施用为例进行实证检验。结果发现:1)农民各维度贫困发生率依次为:教育(55.08%)>信息(38.02%)>相对收入(24.02%)>生活(20.97%)>健康(16.59%)。2)相对收入贫困对农民绿色生产具有明显的负向影响。3)健康和生活贫困是低收入农民绿色生产的主要障碍,高收入农民则囿于教育和信息贫困而难以开展绿色生产。由此可见,由于农业绿色生产提供安全农产品并改善生态环境的功能日益被人们重视,而后脱贫时代的相对和多维贫困将继续存在并直接影响着农民的绿色生产决策,如何通过缩小收入差距、识别并应对多维贫困,并提升政策靶向性,是新发展阶段实现农业绿色化转型不可忽视的问题。

This article attempts to construct a framework for analyzing the impact of relative poverty and multidimensional poverty on farmers'green production behavior in the post-poverty alleviation era and use the Binary Probit model and Threshold Regression model to test it based on the investigation on1507 households in Hubei Province who are the users of organic fertilizer.The results showed that:1)The incidence of every poverty dimension is as follows:education(55.08%)>information(38.02%)>relative income(24.02%)>living conditions(20.97%)>health(16.59%).2)Relative income poverty significantly negatively impacts farmers'green production.3)Health and living conditions poverty are the main obstacles to low-income farmers'green production,while high-income farmers are constrained by education and information poverty to engage in green production.How to narrow the income gap,identify and fight against multidimensional poverty,and enhance policy targeting are the issues that cannot be ignored in achieving agricultural green transformation in the new development stage.