明清乡村生态资源管理规约及其现代价值

Regulations on the Management of Rural Ecological Resources in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Their Modern Values

明清时期,乡村面临着日益严峻的生态资源压力。乡村社会素有诉诸乡规民约开展自治的历史传统,乡村生态资源管理规约也由此生成。乡村生态资源管理规约主张协力同办、共育共治资源,公平严切、和谐共享资源,以时节取、严行保护资源,追求人与人团结共治,人与自然和谐共生。在实践路径上,乡村生态资源管理规约以一定地域的乡村民众尤其是民众组织或群体为主体,以内部精英为主导与核心,以成员的共同认可、自觉遵守为基础,以官方意志和力量的介入为重要时代特征。当前,乡村生态资源管理规约可以为乡村生态文明制度体系,提供地方性传统知识和规则惯习的补充与支撑。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,rural areas faced increasingly severe ecological resource pressures.Rural society has a historical tradition of resorting to township rules and regulations to carry out au-tonomy,and the regulations on rural ecological resource management have also been generated as a result.The regulations on the management of rural ecological resources advocate for joint efforts,joint cultivation,and governance of resources,fair,strict,and harmonious sharing of resources,timely and strict protection of re-sources,and the pursuit of unity and governance among people,as well as harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.In terms of practical path,the regulations on rural ecological resource management take rural residents,especially public organizations or groups in a certain region as main body,with internal elites as the leading and core,based on the common recognition and conscious compliance of members,and with the intervention of official will and power as important contemporary characteristics.Currently,the regulations on rural ecological resource management can supplement and support the institutional system of rural ecological civilization with local traditional knowledge and rules and customs.