粉末冶金制备碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料:进展和挑战

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites via Powder Metallurgy:Advances and Challenges

自20世纪90年代以来,碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究备受关注,但尚未转化为商业应用。迄今,粉末冶金已成为制备该类金属基复合材料的主要工艺。结合碳纳米管表面涂层或原位自生碳纳米管,利用球磨、挤压、轧制或大塑性变形等工艺,可明显改善碳纳米管在基体中的分散和界面结合。目前已经可以制备0.5%~7.5%碳纳米管(体积分数)的高性能金属基复合材料。总结了碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料在制备工艺、组织和性能方面的研究进展,探讨了其潜在应用、挑战和未来方向。

Since 1990s,carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites have been received great attention,but have not yet been transferred into commercial applications.Up to now,powder metallurgy has become the main process for preparing this kind of metal matrix composite.By ball milling,extrusion,rolling or sever plastic deformation process,etc.,combing with coating on the surface of carbon nanotubes or in-situ carbon nanotubes,the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the matrix and the interfacial bonding may be improved remarkably.At present,the high-performance metal matrix composites including 0.5%–7.5%volume fraction carbon nanotubes can be prepared.In this paper,the advances in the preparing process,microstructure and properties for carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites are summarized,the potential applications,challenges and future directions are discussed.