农地“三权分置”对村集体经济发展的影响研究--基于农业农村部固定观察点的实证检验

The Impact of Rural Land Tripartite Entitlement Reform on the Development of Collective Economy:Empirical Evidence from the Fixed Observation Sites of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

研究目的:探究农地“三权分置”改革对集体经济发展的影响。研究方法:基于农业农村部固定观察点数据,采用双重差分方法,实证检验农地“三权分置”改革对农村集体经济收入的影响及其机制。研究结果:(1)农地“三权分置”增加了农村集体经济收入,且主要推动了财产性集体经营收入增加,非财产性集体经营收入无明显变化。(2)机制分析表明,农地“三权分置”增强了村集体主体地位。一方面,村集体通过增加地力投资,获得新增土地的增值收益和集中统一流转的管理费;另一方面,农地“三权分置”改革后,村庄能够吸引农业新型经营主体,进而增加农村集体经济收入。(3)异质性分析表明,“三权分置”对农村集体经济收入的提升作用对处于城郊的村庄、村干部受教育年限高的村庄和产业化水平较高的村庄更为明显。研究结论:应当继续深化农地“三权分置”改革,强化农村土地集体所有权落实,增强集体经济活力;同时,鼓励农业新型经营主体发展,完善农村集体经济组织、新型经营主体与农户利益联结机制,促进农村共同富裕。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of rural land tripartite entitlement reform on the development of collective economy.The research method is to empirically test the impact of the rural land tripartite entitlement reform on the rural collective income and its mechanism based on the data from the fixed observation sites of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.The results show that:1)rural land tripartite entitlement reform increases the rural collective income,particularly the collective leasing income but the collective non-leasing income has no obvious change.2)The mechanism analysis shows that rural land tripartite entitlement reform increases the land capacity investment of the rural collective,and the land could be rented out to the new agricultural operators.The village can obtain income of the new land management fee of the unified land leasing.Moreover,the village can attract new agricultural operators,leading to an increase in the rural collective income.3)The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the promoting effect of rural land tripartite entitlement reform on the collective income is more obvious in the villages located at the suburbs where the village cadres have been more educated and the industrialization management is better.In conclusion,rural land tripartite entitlement reform should be deepened based on the nature of rural land collective ownership to boost the collective economy.Moreover,the development of new agricultural operators should be promoted,along with the improvements to rural collective economic organization and the interest integration mechanisms of new agricultural operators and rural households,to explore the road to common prosperity.