论阳明学与明代文体观的“平等”趋向

On the Trend of“Equality”of Wang Yangming School and Views on Literary Styles during the Ming Dynasty

阳明心学话语表述的“正人心以正文”转向使得相对统一的衡文标准有了实现的可能,从而预示了同一种文体以及不同文体间可以实现无差别地位的进路。同时阳明学派通脱思辨的思维模式以及“学贵自得”的主体意识,也影响着时人对文体“平等”观的体认。不过阳明所论还未逾越文章内部的范囿,至阳明后学,由道义向尚真移转的评判标准发挥更大的影响,不仅相对消弭了同一文体内部的歧义,还扩展到不同文体间,最终发抒了“文体平等”的宣言。

The shift of discourse expression of Wang Yangming’s philosophy of mind to“correct the mind in order to correct the literary style”made it possible to realize the relatively unified standard of writing,predicting the achieving of undifferentiated approaches by the same style and different styles.At the same time,the thinking mode of Wang Yangming School and the subject consciousness of“enlightening oneself through meditation”also influenced people’s identification of the concept of“equality”in terms of literary styles.However,Wang Yangming’s theory did not go beyond the internal norms of composition.The shift from morality to truth of subsequent followers of Wang Yangming’s philosophy exerted a greater influence,not only relatively eliminating the internal ambiguity within the same style,but also ex-tending to different styles,and eventually declaring“stylistic equality”.