发酵豆渣对仙居鸡生长性能、血清指标和消化性能的影响

Effects of fermented soybean residues on the growth performance,serum indexes,and digestive performance of Xianju chickens

本研究旨在利用微生物发酵技术提高豆渣的利用率,开发物美价廉的新型发酵饲料。试验拟用发酵豆渣饲喂1日龄仙居鸡,试验期为42 d。共设置5组,分别为:对照组T_(1),饲喂基础饲粮;抗生素组T_(2),饲喂基础饲粮+亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽(40 mg/kg);处理组T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5),分别饲喂以发酵豆渣等量替代2%、4%、6%豆粕的基础饲粮。结果表明:1)与对照组T_(1)相比,抗生素组与各发酵豆渣组仙居鸡的42日龄体质量和平均日增重均显著提高,仅T_(4)组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,T_(4)组白蛋白含量极显著提高(P<0.01),T_(2)、T_(5)组超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著提高(P<0.01),T_(2)组丙二醛含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,T_(4)组粗蛋白和粗纤维表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),T_(5)组粗蛋白表观消化率极显著提高(P<0.01);T_(4)组十二指肠淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),T_(4)、T_(5)组十二指肠蛋白酶活性极显著提高(P<0.01),T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(5)组糜蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,以发酵豆渣等量替代4%豆粕的基础饲粮的饲喂效果最佳,能够显著提升仙居鸡的生长性能、粗蛋白和粗纤维表观消化率以及体内消化酶活性,改善其血清指标,同时具有替代抗生素的潜力。

This study aims to use microbial fermentation technology to improve the utilization of soybean residues and to develop a new type of fermented feed with superior quality and competitive price.In this experiment,fermented soybean residues were used to feed 1 day-of-age Xianju chickens,lasting for 42 d.Five groups were set up,including the control group T_(1),fed with the basal diets;the antibiotic group T_(2),fed with the basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg methylene salicylic acid bacitracin;the treatment groups T_(3),T_(4),and T_(5),fed with the basal diets in which 2%,4%,and 6%soybean meal were replaced by fermented soybean residues,respectively.The results were shown as follows.1)Compared with the control group T_(1),the 42 day-of-age body mass and average daily gain of Xianju chickens were significantly higher in each group,and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower in T_(4) group(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the albumin content was extremely significantly higher in T_(4) group(P<0.01),and the superoxide dismutase activity was extremely significantly higher in T_(2) and T_(5) groups(P<0.01),while the malondialdehyde content was extremely significantly lower in T_(2) group(P<0.01).3)Compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber was significantly increased in T_(4) group(P<0.05)and the apparent digestibility of crude protein was extremely significantly increased in T_(5) group(P<0.01);the duodenal amylase activity in T_(4) group(P<0.05),the duodenal protease activities in T_(4) and T_(5) groups(P<0.01),and the chymotrypsin activities in T_(2),T_(3),and T_(5) groups(P<0.05)were significantly improved.In conclusion,replacing 4%soybean meal in the basal diets with an equal amount of fermented soybean residues has the best feeding effect,which could significantly promote the growth performance,apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber,and digestive enzyme activities in vivo of Xianju chickens,improve their serum indexes,and has the potential to replace antibiotics.