汉江生态经济带景观生态风险与生态系统服务价值的时空变化及关联性

Spatiotemporal Changes and Correlation Between Landscape Ecological Risk and Ecological Service Value in Hanjiang Eco-economic Belt

[目的]研究汉江生态经济带景观生态风险与生态系统服务价值的时空变化及关联性,不仅为区域生态安全及生态系统的可持续发展提供理论依据,也为经济带景观格局优化和土地资源合理配置提供理论支撑。[方法]基于生态系统服务价值当量表,对汉江生态经济带土地景观格局及生态系统服务价值进行了评估,分析二者之间的内在联系,揭示景观生态风险与生态系统服务价值的时空变化规律,探析了二者的互馈关系。[结果]①1990—2020年汉江生态经济带景观破碎度逐渐增强,景观生态风险有微增现象;空间上呈现“上游低风险,中游中高风险与低风险相伴,下游高风险”的格局。②1990—2020年汉江生态经济带生态系统服务价值有微增态势,增加了86.6亿元,年增长率为0.06%,其中调节服务的贡献率高达66.8%,支持服务贡献率为22.2%;空间上呈现“上游山区为中高值区,中游中高价值与低价值相伴生,下游低价值”的格局;③1990—2020年二者呈现负相关的波动性变化,低生态服务价值面临高生态风险,而高价值存在低生态风险,2005年以前显著性有所下降,2005年以后显著性有所上升。[结论]总体来看,应重视该经济带的生态系统整体性,加强流域内部的有机协同发展,上游重视生物多样性保护,下游加强生态空间用途管制,综合提高经济带生态系统服务价值。

[Objective]The spatiotemporal changes and correlations between landscape ecology risks and ecosystem service values in the Hanjiang eco-economic belt were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for regional ecological security and sustainable development of the ecosystem and support for the optimization of landscape pattern and rational allocation of land resources.[Methods]We evaluated the ecological risk and ecosystem service value of landscape in the Hanjiang eco-economic belt based on an ecosystem service value equivalence table.We determined the internal relationship between these parameters,and the spatiotemporal variation law of landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value.[Results]①Landscape fragmentation gradually increased,and the landscape ecological risk slightly increased in the Hanjiang eco-economic belt from 1990 to 2020.A spatial pattern of“low risk in the upstream,high risk accompanied with low risk in the midstream,and high risk in the downstream”was observed.②The ecosystem service value showed a slight increase from 1990 to 2020 of 8.66 billion yuan,with an annual growth rate of 0.06%.Regulation service accounted for 66.8%of the increase and support service accounted for 22.2%.A spatial pattern of“medium-high values in the upstream mountainous area,medium-high and low values in the middle reaches,and low values in the downstream”was observed.③Changes in ecosystem service value and ecological risk were negatively correlated.Low ecosystem service value was associated with high ecological risk,while high ecosystem service value was associated with low ecological risk.The significance of the correlations decreased before 2005 and increased after 2005.[Conclusion]Greater attention should be given to the system integrity of the Hanjiang eco-economic belt,and organic coordinated development within the basin should be strengthened.Additionally,greater attention should given to protecting biodiversity in the upstream region and to strengthening the control of ecological space use in the downstream region so as to comprehensively improve the ecosystem service value of the economic belt.