黄土丘陵区不同放牧强度农户生计可持续性及其耦合协调性

Livelihood Sustainability and Coupling Coordination of Farming Households with Different Grazing Intensities in Loess Hilly Region

[目的]研究不同放牧强度下农户生计要素结构、可持续性及其耦合协调关系,为优化农户生计策略,增加农户经济收入以及实现乡村振兴提供科学依据。[方法]以黄土丘陵区典型区为例,基于可持续生计框架,从多种生计要素出发,构建评价指标体系,并结合农户调查数据和数理模型,对不同放牧强度农户生计可持续性及其耦合协调发展进行综合研究。[结果]①放牧强度增强了农户生计资本可持续性,但对生计环境、生计策略与生计结果可持续性的作用存在显著差异。②中度放牧强度下农户生计可持续性最高,生计资本、生计环境、生计策略与生计结果可持续性较不放牧农户分别增加了37.86%,3.83%,9.92%和30.45%。③从耦合协调度来看,整体呈现出:中度放牧农户>轻度放牧农户>重度放牧农户>不放牧农户的特征,而农户生计耦合度高于协调度,说明黄土丘陵区放牧农户生计系统间作用强度大,且系统内部尚未形成良好的耦合协同发展态势,未来仍需进一步加强农户生计转型升级,提高其生计可持续性。[结论]适度放牧可增加黄土丘陵区农户生计资本,优化农户生计策略,提高农户生计可持续性,有利于农户经济增收。

[Objective]The structure and sustainability of livelihood factors and their coupling coordination under different grazing intensities were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the livelihood strategies of farming households,increasing their economic income,and realizing rural revitalization.[Methods]Taking the typical district of loess hilly area as an example,based on the sustainable livelihood framework,constructing the evaluation index system from multiple livelihood elements,combining the survey data of farmers and mathematical modeling,a comprehensive study was conducted on the sustainability of livelihoods of farmers with different grazing intensities and their coupled and coordinated development.[Results]①Grazing intensity enhanced the sustainability of farmers’livelihood capital,but there were significant differences in the effects on the sustainability of livelihood environment,livelihood strategies,and livelihood outcomes.②Livelihood sustainability was highest under moderate grazing intensity,and livelihood capital,livelihood environment,livelihood strategy,and livelihood outcome sustainability increased by 37.86%,3.83%,9.92%and 30.45%,respectively,compared with non-grazing farmers.③The coupling coordination development characteristics followed the order of moderately grazing farmers>lightly grazing farmers>heavily grazing farmers>non-grazing farmers.Farmers’livelihood coupling degree was higher than the coordination degree,indicating that the livelihood system of grazing farmers in the loess hilly region had a strong inter-role intensity,and that good coupling and synergistic development within the system had not yet formed.Therefore,it will still be necessary to further strengthen the transformation and upgrading of farmers’livelihoods to improve their livelihood sustainability in the future.[Conclusion]Moderate grazing can increase livelihood capital and optimize livelihood strategy for farming households in the loess hilly region,and increase the livelihood sustainability and economic income of farming households.