基于耕地“三生”功能的耕地生态供需差异研究——以吉林省辽河流域为例

Difference Between Ecological Supply and Demand of Cultivated Land Based on Productive-Living-Ecological Functions-A Case Study at Liaohe River Basin in Jilin Province

[目的]探究耕地生态供需差异特征,为有效保障耕地生态功能的持续供给,维护区域粮食安全和生态安全提供理论支持。[方法]以吉林省辽河流域为例,基于耕地“三生”功能,综合耕地生产性足迹、生活性足迹和生态性足迹,改进生态足迹模型,明确研究区耕地生态供需差异。[结果]①辽河流域耕地生产性足迹、生活性足迹和生态性足迹差异较大,其中,耕地生活性足迹最大,生态性足迹最小。②辽河流域耕地利用处于显著的生态盈余状态,整体表现为“县(市)盈余,区赤字”的特征,造成耕地生态赤字的原因为耕地的生产性赤字。③辽河流域耕地生态供需状况在空间上具有显著的不平衡性,整体呈“北盈南亏,梯次递进”的空间分异特征。[结论]构建基于耕地“三生”功能的生态足迹模型,能够更加全面地探索耕地生态供需情况。基于耕地的多功能,人类对耕地资源的占用与消耗差异显著。流域耕地生态补偿机制的建立应充分考虑其空间差异特征。

[Objective]The characteristics of cultivated land ecological supply and demand were analyzed in order to provide theoretical surpport for ensuring the sustainable supply of ecological functions of cultivated land and to maintain regional food security and ecological safety.[Methods]The study was conducted at Liaohe River basin in Jilin Province.and improves the ecological footprint model.Based on the productive-living-ecological functions of cultivated land,the production function footprint,living function footprint,and ecological function footprint of cultivated land were integrated,the ecological footprint model was improved,and the difference between cultivated land ecological supply and demand in the study area was clarified.[Results]①The productive,living and ecological function footprints of cultivated land differed greatly at Liaohe River basin,among which the living function footprint of cultivated land was the largest and the ecological function footprint is the smallest.②Cultivated land use was in a state of significant ecological surplus at Liaohe River basin,with the overall characteristics of“county(city)surplus and district deficit”.The production function deficit of cultivated land was the main cause of the ecological deficit of cultivated land.③The cultivated land ecological supply and demand were significantly unbalanced in space at Liaohe River basin,and the overall spatial variation was characterized as“surplus in the north and deficit in the south,with gradual progression”.[Conclusion]The ecological footprint model based on the productive-living-ecological functions of cultivated land was conducive to a more comprehensive exploration of the cultivated land ecological supply and demand.Based on the multifunctional nature of cultivated land,human occupation and consumption of cultivated land resources varied significantly,and the establishment of ecological compensation mechanisms for cultivated land in watersheds should fully take into account their spatial variation characteristics.