数字经济对效率与公平的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Digital Economy on Efficiency and Fairness

数字经济通过优化要素资源布局和扩大市场规模能够为经济发展更有效率、更加公平提供新动能,从而化解新时代中国发展不平衡不充分的矛盾。基于2001—2020年中国省际面板数据,在使用熵权法对数字经济、效率和公平进行综合测度的基础上,实证检验了数字经济对效率与公平的影响及作用机制。研究发现:数字经济显著提升了效率,二者呈线性关系,而数字经济与公平则呈倒U型关系,这种关系在中部和西部地区尤为明显,并且在一系列稳健性检验之后这一结论依然成立。中介效应检验发现农业劳动力转移和市场规模扩大是数字经济影响效率与公平的两条重要路径。当构建模型把效率与公平联合起来加以考虑时,发现数字经济整体上提升了效率与公平的联合效应,但在后期发展阶段数字经济更加侧重于效率提升,从而引致效率与公平相对差距愈发明显,作为市场缺陷的弥补者和纠正者,政府实施宏观调控政策对于缩小效率与公平相对差距具有积极成效。因此,应围绕以数字经济提升再造和政府调控手段高效多样的经济社会体系,逐步实现效率与公平“珠联璧合”的发展模式。研究结论不仅揭示了数字经济对于推动效率与公平发展的重要意义,也为新发展目标下制定兼顾效率与公平的数字经济政策提供了有益的政策启示。

The digital economy provides new momentum for more efficiency and fairness by optimizing the distribution of factor resources and expanding the scale of the trading market,thereby helping to resolve the contradiction between insufficient and unbalanced development in China in the new era.Based on the inter-provincial panel data in China from 2001 to 2020,this paper uses the entropy weight method to comprehensively measure the digital economy,efficiency and fairness,and empirically tests the influence and mechanism of digital economy on efficiency and fairness.The efficiency has been improved by digital economy developmenet,and the two have a linear relationship,while the digital economy and fairness have an inverted“U-shaped”relationship.These relationships are particularly significant in the central and western regions,and the conclusions still hold after a series of robustness tests.Through the mediation effect test,it is found that the transform of agricultural labor and the expansion of market scale are the two key paths for the digital economy affecting efficiency and fairness.When construct the model with considering the efficiency and fairness together,it is found that the digital economy as a whole improved the joint effect of efficiency and fairness,and the digital economy has not achieved a balanced development of efficiency and fairness,but is efficiency-biased,resulting in a significant relative gap between efficiency and fairness,and the government’s fiscal policy,which is a compensator and corrector of market defects,narrows the relative relationship between efficiency and fairness.There are positive effects on the gap.With this regard,it points out that the development model of“perfect combination”of efficiency and fairness will be gradually realized around the efficient and diverse economic and social system by means of digital economy improvement and reconstruction and government regulation.The research conclusions not only reveal the significance of digital economy in promoting efficiency and fairness,but also provide useful policy implications for formulating digital economy policies that take into account both efficiency and fairness under the new stage development goals.