新型冠状病毒检测技术的研究进展

Research progress of novel coronavirus detection technologies

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)具有高传染性和高隐蔽性,并且不断发生变异,产生不同类型病毒变异株,其主要传播途径是呼吸道飞沫传播、接触传播、气溶胶传播。快速准确的病毒检测技术对疫情防控工作具有重要意义。本文就SARS-CoV-2的病原学结构特点和当前实验室主要检测技术(病毒分离鉴定、高通量测序、荧光定量PCR、反转录环介导恒温扩增、基因芯片、抗原抗体检测和基于CRISPR/Cas系统的核酸检测)作一综述。

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is extremely transmissible,highly insidious,and constantly mutant,producing different types of virus variants.The main routes of transmission of this virus are respiratory droplet transmission,contact transmission,and aerosol transmission.Development of rapidly and highly effective detection techniques of SARS-CoV-2 is of great significance for the epidemic prevention and control.This paper reviews the pathogenic structural features of SARS-CoV-2 and the main laboratory detection techniques(virus isolation and identification,high-throughput sequencing,fluorescence quantitative PCR,reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification,gene chips,detection of antigen and antibody,nucleic acid detection technology based on CRISPR/Cas system).