劳动对资本的两种从属及其权力向度

The Two Forms of Labor's Subsumption to Capital and the Dimension of its Power

在《政治经济学批判(1861—1863年手稿)》中,马克思系统地阐述了劳动对资本的两种从属形式:形式从属和实际从属。形式从属是指确立了一般意义上的资本主义生产关系,但劳动过程和劳动方式与以往相比却未发生变化;实际从属是指随着科学技术的发展,劳动过程和劳动方式发生了实质性变化,资本建立了与自己本性相适应的特殊生产方式。形式从属确立了资本对劳动的形式控制权力,实际从属确立了资本对劳动的实际控制权力,二者不单是历史延续关系,它们同时并存且相互作用,共同构成了劳动对资本从属的权力体系。

In Economic Manuscripts from 1861 to 1863,Marx systematically explained the two forms of labor's subsumption to capital:formal subsumption and real subsumption.Formal subsumption refers to the establishment of capitalist production relations in a general sense,but the process and mode of labor have not changed compared with the past.Real subsumption means that with the development of science and technology,the process and mode of labor have undergone substantial changes,and capital has established a special mode of production suitable for its own nature.Formal subsumption establishes the formal control power of capital over labor,and real subsumption establishes the actual control power of capital over labor.The two are not only the relations of historical continuity,but also interact to form a power system in which labor is subsumption to capital.