马克思恩格斯关于中国问题的论述视角及其启示

Perspectives of Marx and Engels on China and Their Enlightenment

马克思和恩格斯对中国的考察和论述,包含普遍历史与亚细亚社会的视角。康德、黑格尔、谢林等人对中国问题研究的背后是“普遍历史”观念的形成。在唯物史观的视野中,这种普遍历史观念的现实基础被马克思、恩格斯深刻揭示为世界市场的拓殖与特定支配—从属关系的建立。面对“东方从属于西方”的历史变局,中国社会呈现出了自身的韧性和特质。马克思和恩格斯借由“亚细亚”“社会形态”“社会机体”等概念,阐述了中国社会经济结构的坚固性、总体化与独特性,从中国等亚细亚社会的视角重新审视和诠释了世界历史的普遍性。马克思、恩格斯关于中国问题的论述,对于破除东西方之间的从属关系、思考中国式现代化进程具有启示意义。

Marx and Engels'investigation and discussion on China include two perspectives:universal history and Asian society.Behind the China view of Kant,Hegel,Schelling and others is the formation of the concept of"Universalgechichte'In the perspective of historical materialism,the realistic basis of this universal historical concept is deeply revealed by Marx and Engels as the expansion of the world market and the establishment of the specific dominance-subordinate relationship.In the face of the historical changes that"the East depends the West',Chinese society has presented its own historical limitations,resilience and characteristics.Through the concepts of"Asia""Gesellschaftsformation",Marx and Engels expounded the robustness,comprehensiveness and uniqueness of China's social and economic structure,and interpreted the universality of world history from the perspective of Asian society.