传承创新视阈下中医临床课程教与学的探索

Exploration of teaching and learning of clinical courses of traditional Chinese medicine for inheritance and innovation

《灵枢·师传》载:“告之以其败,语之以其善,导之以其所便,开之以其所苦。”中医临床课程的教与学应符合学生特点,顺应中医药发展规律。现有教学中存在中医药教育西化、中医整体观思维不足等现象,中医专业学生缺乏辨证论治思想、难以形成中医临床思维模式。针对教与学两方面存在的问题,提出分层教学、启发教学及身心训练、临证训练等尊重学生能力差异的解决方案。将整体观思维贯穿教学始终,在“传承创新”理念指导下走符合中医发展规律的道路,继承先师所传经验的基础上创新发展,着力构建教与学的一致性。

According to the chapter Shichuan(Instructions of the Teacher)in Lingshu(Spiritual Pivot),“The doctor should tell the patients what are harmful to their health,let them know what are good for their health,guide them to do what they like for restoring their health and try to straighten them out of their anxiety.If the doctor has done all that is required,even the most unreasonable person will follow his advice”.Similarly,the teaching and learning of clinical courses of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)should cater to the characteristics of students and comply with the laws of TCM development.At present,the teaching suffers from the westernization of TCM education and lack of holistic view of TCM.Also,students who do not have thorough understanding of“pattern differentiation and treatment”find it difficult to establish their clinical ways of thinking in TCM.Targeted at the existing problems in both teaching and learning,this paper proposes such solutions as stratified teaching,socratic teaching,physical and mental training,and clinical training,etc,in view of the differences in students′abilities.In this way,we could think holistically throughout teaching and learning for better consistence between the two,so that the students could develop TCM according to its own rules and innovate on the basis of inheriting the experience passed down by TCM masters.