我国页岩气开发补贴方式分析与建议

Analysis and suggestions on subsidy mode for shale gas development in China

我国页岩气资源丰富,随着技术水平的提高已经实现规模化开采,在加快我国页岩气资源开发的同时应充分利用好补贴政策,达到激励效果的同时实现可持续开发。本文分析整理了国内外页岩气开发补贴现状,并对各类页岩气开发补贴方式进行系统分析,指出各类补贴方式的优势与不足。种类繁多的页岩气开发补贴政策可归纳为补贴环节、补贴形式和补贴方向三类。从补贴环节上看可分为事前补贴与事后补贴;从补贴形式上看可分为从价补贴与从率补贴;从补贴方向上看可分为技术投资补贴和规模投资补贴。据此提出政策建议:政府在制定补贴政策时可主要采用事后补贴的方式,让企业稳步经营获得合理利润,引导页岩气产业健康平稳发展;采用从率补贴或从价补贴无明显优劣,从价补贴更简便易行;采用技术投资补贴的效果明显好于规模投资补贴。

China is rich in shale gas resources,and large-scale exploitation has been realized with the improvement of technical level.Therefore,it should make full use of the subsidy policy while speeding up the development of shale gas resources in China,so as to achieve sustainable development while stimulating shale gas resources.This paper analyzes the status quo of shale gas development subsidies at home and abroad,and makes a systematic analysis of various kinds of shale gas development subsidies,and gives the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of subsidies.Various shale gas development subsidy policies can be divided into three types:subsidy link,subsidy form and subsidy direction.From the aspect of subsidy link,they can be pre-subsidy and post-subsidy respectively,from the aspect of subsidy form,they can be price subsidy and rate subsidy respectively,and from the aspect of subsidy direction,they can be divided into technology investment subsidy and scale investment subsidy.In terms of policy suggestions,the government can mainly adopt the way of post-subsidy when formulating subsidy policies,so that enterprises can steadily operate and obtain reasonable profits,and guide the healthy and stable development of shale gas industry.There is no obvious advantage or disadvantage in using rate subsidy or price subsidy,and price subsidy is more simple and feasible.The effect of technology investment subsidy is obviously better than that of scale investment subsidy.