地表动态塌陷坑回填治理研究与实践

Research and practice on backfill treatment of surface dynamic collapse pit

塌陷坑回填治理对于保护地表环境,保障井下开采安全具有重要意义,崩落法开采地表塌陷坑具有动态发展的特性,对于实施回填治理工程具有较大的安全风险,须搞清塌陷坑动态发展特性,在此基础上制定合理的回填治理工艺方案及安全保障措施。本文以大红山铁矿正在实施的动态塌陷坑回填治理工程为成功案例,介绍了其动态塌陷坑变形特性,即塌陷坑各点每月均处于缓慢平稳线性的下沉状态,塌陷坑中心最大下沉速度在0.8~1.0 m/月,年均下沉量约91万m^(3);介绍了塌陷坑回填治理方案,即汽车直排运输加推土机推进的覆盖式回填治理方式,自下而上分台阶堆置,目前已回填废石量约729.3万m^(3);重点阐述了相关回填治理安全保障措施,对于同类塌陷坑治理具有重要借鉴意义。

Subsidence pit backfilling treatment is of great significance for protecting the surface environment and ensuring the safety of underground mining.Since surface subsidence pit mining by caving method has the characteristics of dynamic development,it is of great safety risk for the implementation of backfill treatment project.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the dynamic development characteristics of subsidence pit and formulate reasonable backfill treatment process plan and safety guarantee measures on this basis.Taking the dynamic subsidence pit backfilling treatment project being implemented in Dahongshan Iron Mine as a successful case,this paper introduces the deformation characteristics of the dynamic subsidence pit,that is,each point of the subsidence pit is in a slow,steady and linear state of subsidence every month,and the maximum subsidence speed of the center of the subsidence pit is about 0.8-1.0 m/month,with an annual subsidence volume of about 910000 m3.Introduces the backfill treatment scheme of the collapse pit,that is,the cover backfill treatment method of direct vehicle transport and bulldozer,which is piled up by steps from bottom to bottom.At present,the amount of waste rock has been backfilled about 7.293 million m^(3).And the relevant backfill management safety measures are emphatically expounded,which has important reference significance for similar subsidence pit management.