下行式小分段高效采矿工艺技术研究

Research on downward small segment high efficiency mining technology

本文首先通过开展岩石力学实验,获得3种岩石的主要物理力学参数;结合现场工程地质调查结果,完成矿岩质量分级与评价,并结合矿山生产实际情况,确定了中深孔嗣后充填采矿方案;对比分析了三种采矿方法,最终推荐各项指标均较优的下行式小分段高效生态化采矿法采场;通过构建工程地质模型,采用数值模拟方法分析采场结构稳定性,最终推荐采用采场交错布置,跨度8m,采场高度不大于12m的采场结构参数能够保证回采安全;设计采用上向扇形中深孔,炮孔直径Φ65 mm,最小抵抗线范围为W=1.2~1.5 m,炮孔间距1.4~1.9m,单位炸药消耗量为0.30~0.45kg/t的爆破参数;运用FLAC^(3D)构建了矿岩的数值模型,通过模拟确定打底层充填体强度需达到3.1MPa,接顶层充填体强度须达到1.6MPa;工业试验生产统计表明以上研究结果确定的工艺参数较为合理,生产效率提高了2.5倍,且采矿成本降低了50%。

This paper firstly conducts rock mechanics experiments to obtain the main physical and mechanical parameters of three types of rocks.Based on the on-site engineering geological survey results,the classification and evaluation of ore and rock quality are completed,and combines with the actual production situation of the mine,a mining plan for filling medium deep holes is determined;Three mining methods are compared and analyzed,and the downward small segmented efficient ecological mining method with superior indicators is ultimately recommended for the stope.By constructing an engineering geological model and using numerical simulation methods to analyze the stability of the stope structure,it is recommended to adopt a staggered layout of the stope,with a span of 8 m and a height of no more than 12 m,to ensure mining safety.The design adopts an upward fan-shaped medium deep hole,with a blast hole diameter of 65 mm,with a minimum resistance line range of W=1.2-1.5 m,a blast hole spacing of 1.4-1.9 m,and a unit explosive consumption of 0.30-0.45 kg/t.A numerical model of ore and rock is constructed using FLAC^(3D).Through simulation,it is determined that the strength of the bottom layer filling body must reach 3.1 MPa,and the strength of the top layer filling body must reach 1.6 MPa.The industrial trial production statistics show that the process parameters determined by the above research results are relatively reasonable,the production efficiency has been increased by 2.5 times,and the mining cost has been reduced by 50%.