2017—2021年中国13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗接种覆盖水平分析

Analysis on the vaccination coverage of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in China from 2017 to 2021

目的分析2017—2021年我国13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(PCV13)的覆盖水平。方法通过国家免疫规划信息系统收集2017—2021年中国31个省份PCV疫苗接种剂次数,进行不同级别(市、省、国家级)数据的汇总处理;通过中国食品药品检定研究院官方网站收集同期PCV13批签发数据。计算每年报告PCV13接种剂次数与当年出生人口数比估计PCV13的平均覆盖水平,并进行2021年地市级空间自相关分析。结果 2017年3月至2020年12月全国PCV13批签发总量2 020.60万剂,各年度批签发剂次数分别为71.54、384.75、475.45、1 088.86万剂;同期PCV13累计报告接种2 023.69万剂次,2017—2021年各年度接种剂次数分别为4.08、170.46、407.52、599.77、841.85万剂。2017—2021年,全国各年度年PCV13接种剂次数与当年出生人口数之比分别为0.25、10.26、23.81、38.16和69.90剂/100人。各省份间年PCV13接种剂次数与当年出生人口数之比的极差值由2017年的3.85剂/100人增长至2021年的264.41剂/100人。空间自相关分析结果显示,以地级市为单位,2017—2021年PCV13覆盖水平在一定区域内存在空间聚集性,且2021年覆盖水平的空间相关性最高;热点分析结果显示,PCV13覆盖水平较高的热点区域集中在江苏、浙江、上海和福建及其周边地区;疫苗覆盖水平较低的冷点区域集中在云南、青海和西藏及周边地区。结论全国PCV13疫苗平均覆盖水平较低,且地区间差异较大。

Objective To explore the vaccination coverage of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV13)in China from 2017 to 2021.Methods Using the reported number of PCV13 administrated doses from 2017 to 2021 and the population data from 31 provinces in China,which were collected by the Immunization Program Information System and summarized data at different levels(prefecture,provincial,and national).Collecting batch release data of PCV13 during the same period through the official website of the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control.The average coverage level of PCV13 was calculated by comparing the number of PCV13 vaccinations reported annually to the number of births in that year,and the spatial auto-correlation analysis was conducted in 2021 at the prefecture level.The coverage of PCV13 vaccination was estimated by the total vaccine doses administered each year divided by the number of newborn in the year,as of the administrated dose number per 100 people.Results From March 2017 to December 2020,the total batch release of PCV13 was 20.06 million,with a total of 71.54,384.75,475.45,and 10.8886 million doses each year.During the same period,PCV13 reported doses were 20.2369 million and the vaccination doses from 2017 to 2021 were 4.08,170.46,407.52,599.77,and 8.4185 million doses,respectively.From 2017 to 2021,the ratio of PCV13 doses administrated per 100 infants in each year was 0.25,10.26,23.81,38.16,and 69.90 doses per 100 people,respectively.The range of the ratio in each province increased from 3.85 doses in 2017 to 264.41 doses per 100 people in 2021.The spatial auto-correlation analysis results showed that based on prefecture-level cities,there was spatial clustering in a certain area of PCV13 coverage from 2017 to 2021,and the spatial correlation in 2021 was the highest.The hotspot analysis showed that the hotspot areas with high coverage levels of PCV13 were concentrated in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Fujian and their surrounding areas.The cold spots with low vaccine coverage were concentrated in Yunnan,Qinghai,Tibet,and their surrounding areas.Conclusion The average coverage level of PCV13 is low in China with significant regional differences.