2021—2022年兰州市某医院儿童急性呼吸道感染常见病原体状况分析

Analysis of the common respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection in a hospital in Lanzhou City from 2021 to 2022

探讨2021—2022年期间儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患者的8种常见呼吸道病原体的情况。回顾性研究选取2021年9月至2022年8月在甘肃省妇幼保健院就诊的8710例ARI患者作为研究对象,患者年龄为0~17岁,其中男性患儿5048例,女性患儿3662例。采用间接免疫荧光法对8种常见呼吸道病原体包括甲型流感病毒(FluA)、乙型流感病毒(FluB)、副流感病毒(PIV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、肺炎支原体(MP)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、柯萨奇病毒B组(CoxB)IgM抗体进行检测,采用χ^(2)检验对结果进行分析。结果显示,8710例ARI患儿中共检出阳性1497例,阳性检出率为17.19%。在8种常见呼吸道病原体中MP检出率为11.34%,占比为66.0%,其次依次为FluB、CoxB、PIV、RSV、ADV、FluA和CP,占比分别为13.83%、9.55%、6.01%、2.61%、1.47%、0.40%和0.13%。其中呼吸道病毒(FluA、FluB、RSV、ADV、PIV、CoxB)占比为33.86%。不同性别患儿之间PIV、ADV和MP检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.814、5.154、17.784,P<0.05)。学龄期患儿(6~17岁)检出率最高,占比33.27%(184/553)。ARI患者8种常见呼吸道病原体检出率在春季、冬季较高,夏季和秋季较低。综上,2021—2022年期间本院ARI患者以MP和FluB感染为主,8种常见呼吸道病原体感染的高峰期是春季、冬季,6~17岁年龄段ARI患者8种常见呼吸道病原体检出率最高。

To explore the situation of 8 common respiratory pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection(ARI)from 2021 to 2022.The retrospective study selected 8710 ARI patients from September 2021 to August 2022 in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Gansu Province as the study object,patients aged 0 to 17 years old,including 5048 male children and 3662 female children.Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect 8 common respiratory pathogens,including influenza virus A(FluA),influenza virus B(FluB),parainfluenza virus(PIV),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP),and Coxsackie virus group B(CoxB)IgM antibodies.χ^(2) test was used to analyze the results.The results showed that 1497 of 8710 children with ARI were positive,with a positive rate of 17.19%.The detection rate of MP among 8 common respiratory pathogens was 11.34%,accounting for 66.0%,followed by FluB,CoxB,PIV,RSV,ADV,FluA and CP,accounting for 13.83%,9.55%,6.01%,2.61%,1.47%,0.40%and 0.13%,respectively.Respiratory tract viruses(FluA,FluB,RSV,ADV,PIV,CoxB)accounted for 33.86%.There were significant differences in the detection rates of PIV,ADV and MP among children of different genders(χ^(2)=6.814,5.154 and 17.784,P<0.05).The detection rate of school-age children(6-17 years old)was the highest,accounting for 33.27%(184/553).The detection rates of 8 common respiratory pathogens in patients with ARI were higher in spring and winter and lower in summer and autumn.To sum up,from 2021 to 2022,MP and FluB infection were dominant in ARI patients in our hospital.The peak period of 8 common respiratory pathogens was in spring and winter.The physical examination rate of 8 common respiratory pathogens in ARI patients aged 6-17 years old was the highest.