炎症性肠病的实验室检查现状与展望

Current status and prospects of laboratory tests for inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种累及胃肠道的慢性炎症性疾病,全球发病率逐年上升,发展中国家自20世纪末以来IBD发病率也呈逐步增长趋势。IBD的发病机制尚不完全清楚,是遗传、免疫、饮食、环境等多种因素共同作用的结果。IBD的诊断尚无金标准,目前结肠镜检并黏膜组织活检是临床首选检验方法,但其侵入性和创伤性较大,且耗时,不利于早期筛查和频繁监测。因此,急需方便快捷、非侵入性的可靠手段辅助IBD的临床诊断和评估。本文旨在阐述基于粪便和血液指标的IBD相关实验室诊断与监测方法,可为IBD的预防、筛查、诊断、监测提供思路,帮助减轻其对人们生活水平、公共卫生以及社会造成的负担。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract,with a global incidence increasing year by year,and the incidence of IBD in developing countries has been increasing since the end of the last century.The pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear,which is the combined result of genetic,immune,diet,environmental and other factors.There is no gold standard for the diagnosis of IBD.Colonoscopy and mucosal biopsy are the preferred clinical tests,but these invasive and time-consuming methods are not conducive to early screening and frequent monitoring.Therefore,convenient,fast,non-invasive and reliable methods are urgently needed to assist the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of IBD.This paper aims to elaborate the laboratory diagnosis and monitoring methods of IBD based on fecal and blood indicators,which can provide ideas for the prevention,screening,diagnosis and monitoring of IBD,and help reduce its burden on people′s living standards,public health and society.