毛木耳育种与菌种扩繁技术研究进展

Research Progress of Breeding and Spawn Propagation of Auricularia cornea

归纳国内毛木耳驯化(系统)选育,单单杂交、单双杂交、多孢杂(自)交、原生质体融合育种等杂交育种技术,诱变育种和分子育种技术研究方法和最新研究进展。介绍了部分育成新品种及特性,并对毛木耳固体和液体菌种扩繁技术研究方法进行总结。提出国内毛木耳杂交育种工作将借助分子标记辅助育种、基因编辑和全基因组选择等分子育种手段深入发展,现代高效育种技术将得到快速应用,毛木耳商业化育种得到积极倡导,菌种“育繁推”体系将逐步成熟。

The research methods and recent progress of domestication breeding(systematic breeding),crossbreeding including single-single hybridization,single-double hybridization,multi-spore hybridization(self-crossing) and protoplast fusion breeding,mutation breeding and molecular breeding technologies of Auricularia cornea in China were summarized.Some newly bred cultivars and their characteristics were introduced,and the research methods for the propagation of A.cornea in solid and liquid strains were summed up.Molecular marker-assisted breeding,genome editing,genomic selection and other molecular breeding methods are proposed for future crossbreeding of A.cornea in China.The high-efficiency breeding technology will be rapidly applied,the commercial breeding of A.cornea will be actively promoted,and the‘breedingpropagation-promotion'system will be gradually improved.