B细胞受体(BCR)抗原特异性的研究进展

A review of progress in B cell receptor(BCR)antigen specificity

B细胞受体(BCR)是B细胞特异性识别和结合抗原产生适应性体液免疫应答的关键分子。B细胞分化过程中的基因重排和体细胞高频突变是形成BCR多样化的主要机制。BCR极大的多样性和独特的分子结构决定了抗原识别的多样性和特异性,形成了具有广泛抗原特异性的复杂B细胞库。因此,BCR抗原特异性信息是理解不同疾病适应性免疫特征的关键。随着B细胞相关研究技术的发展,如单细胞分选技术、高通量测序(HTS)技术、 B细胞受体与抗原特异性结合测序(LIBRA-seq)等,提高了将BCR序列与抗原特异性联系起来的能力。这有助于更好地理解体液免疫反应、探索疾病发病机制、监测疾病进展、设计疫苗、研发治疗性抗体和药物。我们主要总结了感染、疫苗接种、自身免疫性疾病及肿瘤的抗原特异性BCR相关研究,并以SLE为例对其自身抗体序列进行分析,其序列特征使自身抗原的识别成为可能。

B cell receptor(BCR)is a key molecule involved in B cell specific recognition and the binding of antigens to produce adaptive humoral immune response.Gene rearrangement and high frequency mutation during B cell differentiation are the main mechanisms of BCR diversification.The enormous diversity and unique molecular structure of BCR determine the diversity and specificity of antigen recognition,shaping complex B cell repertoire with extensive collections of antigen specificities.Therefore,BCR antigen-specific information is vital to understanding the adaptive immune characteristics of different diseases.Our ability to connect BCR repertoire and antigen specificity has been enhanced with the development of B cell related research technologies,such as single cell sorting techniques,high-throughput sequencing(HTS),linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing(LIBRA-seq).It could help researchers to better understand humoral immune responses,identify disease pathogenesis,monitor disease progression,design vaccines,and develop therapeutic antibodies and drugs.We summarizes recent studies on antigen-specific BCR of infections,vaccinations,autoimmune diseases and cancer.By analyzing autoantibody sequences of SLE as a case,the identification of autoantigens has become potentially possible due to this characterization.