纳米线储能材料与器件新进展

Development of nanowire energy storage materials and devices

纳米线电极材料在电化学储能领域备受关注,是纳米与新能源技术的交叉和前沿.纳米线拥有大的长径比、较高的比表面积、轴向连续电子传输特性与径向电子限域效应.纳米线用作电极材料时,由于与电解液的接触面积比较大以及反应离子的脱嵌距离短,能大幅提升电极材料的电化学活性,故被广泛应用于功能化储能器件.本文介绍了纳米线原位表征技术以及纳米线在储能电极材料中的应用(离子电池、高能电池、超级电容器和微纳与柔性储能器件).对纳米线储能材料与器件的研究与进展进行了概述,并讨论了在电化学储能材料研究中所存在的挑战.最后,对纳米线储能材料与器件的发展趋势进行了展望.

Nanowire electrode materials have attracted significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage,which is the intersection and frontier of nanotechnologies and new energy technologies.Compared with bulk materials,nanowires have several unique characteristics,including large length-to-diameter ratios,high specific surface areas,axial continuous electron transport characteristics,and radial electron confinement effects.The application of nanowires in batteries can efficiently increase the electrode material activity,contributing to the large contact area with the electrolyte and the short deintercalation distance of lithium ions.Thus,nanowires have been widely implemented in energy storage devices.In this paper,we introduce the in situ characterization techniques in the field of nanowire materials.Afterwards,we summarize the application of nanowires in energy storage devices,including ion batteries,high-energy batteries,supercapacitors,and micro-and flexible energy storage devices.In the last part of this paper,we discuss the challenges and development trends of nanowires in energy storage devices.