儿童口腔保健调查问卷的编制及信效度检验

Development and reliability and validity testing of a survey questionnaire on children’s oral health

目的:编制适用于我国儿童的口腔保健调查问卷并检验其信效度。方法:以信息-动机-行为技巧模型(information-motivation-behavioral skills model,IMB)为理论基础,通过系统性文献检索及研究小组讨论构建初始问卷,经2轮专家函询及预调查形成修订版问卷。于2022年9月~2023年5月经便利抽样法对湖北省某4所小学751名儿童应用修订版问卷展开正式调查,分析并检验其信效度,形成正式问卷。结果:本问卷包括信息、动机和行为技巧3个维度,共31个条目,各条目分值为1~5分,各维度分值为0~70分、0~40分、0~45分,问卷满分为155分。两轮函询问卷有效回收率分别为85.2%、94.1%,专家权威系数分别为0.93、0.92,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.462、0.545。经探索性因子分析提取出6个公因子,累计方差贡献率为61.194%,各条目在相应因子中的载荷为0.512~0.835;验证性因子分析结果显示卡方自由度比为1.450,近似误差均方根为0.036,比较拟合指数为0.916,拟合优度指数为0.901,增量拟合指数为0.918,非归准适配指数为0.905。其内部一致性Cronbach’sα系数为0.937,折半信度为0.805;条目内容效度为0.875~1,问卷内容效度为0.95。结论:此问卷具有良好的信效度,可以作为8~12岁儿童口腔保健知识、动机和行为技巧的评估工具。

Objective:To develop a questionnaire of oral health care for children in China and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model(IMB),an initial questionnaire was constructed through systematic literature search and research group discussion.A revised version of the questionnaire was formed through two rounds of expert consultation and pre survey.A formal survey was conducted on 751 children from four primary schools in Hubei Province from September 2022 to May 2023 using the convenience sampling method.The revised questionnaire was analyzed and tested for reliability and validity,forming a formal questionnaire.Results:This questionnaire includes three dimensions:information,motivation,and behavioral skills,with a total of 31 items.Each item has a score of 1~5 points,and each dimension has a score of 0~70 points,0~40 points,and 0~45 points.The full score of the questionnaire was 155 points.The effective response rates of the two rounds of correspondence questionnaires were 85.2% and 94.1%,respectively.The expert authority coefficients were 0.93 and 0.92,and the Kendall's concordance coefficient were 0.462 and 0.545,respectively.Six common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.194%.The load of each item in the corresponding factors was 0.512~0.835.The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the chi square degree of freedom ratio was 1.450,the root mean square error of approximation was 0.036,the comparative fit index was 0.916,the incremental fit index was 0.918,and the Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)index was 0.905.The coefficient of Cronbach's α was 0.937,and the split-half reliability was 0.805.The validity of the item content was 0.875~1,and the validity of the questionnaire content was 0.95.Conclusion:This questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and can be used as an evaluation tool for oral health knowledge,motivation,and behavioral skills of children aged 8~12 years old.