从“空洞的现时”到“英雄的现时”——鲁迅“中间物”思想的现代性解读

From Empty Present to Heroic Present——A Modern Interpretation of Luxun’s Idea of Intermediate

鲁迅的“中间物”思想表明他对于以进化论为核心的现代性的深刻反思,这种反思在时间意识上表现为一种被法国学者伊夫·瓦岱称之为的“空洞现时”感。这种“空洞的现时”,在鲁迅那里经常转化为“沉默”的主题与意象。“无声的中国”成为鲁迅笔下的中国现代性表征。然而鲁迅的“空洞现时”感并未导向彻底的空虚和沉沦,而是在对于“空洞现时”的揭露、表现和批判中,与这个时代构成了一种被福柯称之为“英雄现时”的关系。鲁迅在悲观与虚无之中奋起反抗,使悲观与虚无成为现代人的意义的试金石,使“空洞的现时”变成了文化意义上的“英雄的现时”。鲁迅以其对“空洞现时”的克服与超越完成了自身的英雄化。

Luxun’s idea of Intermediate indicates his deep retrospection on evolutionism-centralized modernity.This retrospection is called“Empty Present”by a French scholar Yves Vade.Luxun often turned the“Empty Present”into the theme and image of“Silence”.Thus,“silent China”became the symbol of Chinese modernity in Luxun’s works.However,“Empty Present”in Luxun’s wok did not lead to complete emptiness and despair.Instead,it lay in the discovery,expression and criticism of it,which constructed Foucault’s“Heroic present”with this era.Luxun struggled with society in depression and vanity,making them the touchstone of the meaning of modern men’s life,as a result,turning“Empty Present”into culturally“Heroic Present”.Luxun completed self-heroism by conquering and transcending“Empty Present”.