儿童社区获得性细菌性肺炎的抗菌药物治疗研究进展

Antimicrobial Treatment of Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumoniain Children: Research Advances

社区获得性肺炎是儿童常见疾病,也是发展中国家5岁以下儿童病亡的一个重要原因,而细菌则是儿童社区获得性肺炎的主要病原体,包括肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌等。因病原学结果难以及时获取,很多初始治疗依据患儿具体情况的经验性用药,在获知病原学结果后应及时调整用药方案,采取目标性治疗,适合与及时的抗生素治疗对改善社区获得性肺炎患儿的预后至关重要。本文旨在讨论国内外治疗儿童社区获得性细菌性肺炎的经验性治疗方案与病原针对性治疗方案,并介绍新型社区获得性肺炎抗菌治疗药物,为儿童社区获得性细菌性肺炎治疗药物的进一步研究以及临床应用提供参考。

Community acquired pneumonia is one of the most common diseases in children and one of the leading causes of death in children under five years of age in developing countries.Bacteria are the main pathogens of common community acquired pneumonia in children,including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.Due to the difficulty in obtaining etiological results quickly,many initial treatments are empirical medications based on the specific conditions of children.Once the etiological results are accessible,medication regimens should be adjusted as soon as possible and targeted treatments should be adopted.Appropriate and timely antibiotic treatment is crucial to improving the prognosis of children with community acquired pneumonia.This paper is intended to present the latest experiential and pathogenspecific treatment schemes with antibacterial drugs for children with bacterial community acquired pneumonia at home and abroad,and introduce new antibacterial drugs for community acquired pneumonia so as to provide reference for subsequent research and clinical applications of related drugs in children with bacterial community acquired pneumonia.