《孔子家语》与中华文明研究新视野

The Family Saying of Confucius(Kongzi Jiayu)and the New Vision of Chinese Civilization Research

《孔子家语》可谓中国文化史上的“奇书”:若论其在中国思想与中国智慧中的价值,可以说罕有其匹;如论其在中国学术史上遭到的怀疑,亦堪称首当其冲。但是,近代以来出土的简帛文献证明,《孔子家语》确为先秦旧籍。鉴于《孔子家语》的内容、体量及相关学术问题,其价值绝不在“四书”之下,完全称得上“儒学第一书”或“孔子文化第一书”。《孔子家语》最为直接的价值,就是增加了数量庞大的可以利用的重要文献资料,以资印证校验《论语》等早期典籍文献的记载。在传统学术研究的方法论方面,《孔子家语》“伪书”案的终结,为中国历史文献研究方法提供了借鉴,也是对历代学者研究得失的一个很好检验。

Kongzi Jia Yu can be described as a legend in the history of Chinese culture:in terms of its value in Chinese thought and wisdom,it can be said that it is rare to match;in terms of its skepticism in the history of Chinese academia,it can also be considered second to none.However,the excavation of bamboo and silk documents in modern times has continuously proven that Kongzi Jia Yu is indeed a classic before the Qin Dynasty.According to the content,volume,and academic problems solved by Kongzi Jia Yu,its value is by no means inferior to the Si Shu and can be fully called the“First Book of Confucianism”.It has opened up a new perspective for people today to understand early Confucianism and ancient Chinese civilization.The most direct value of Kongzi Jia Yu is the addition of a large number of important literature materials that can be utilized.The ideas of Kongzi Jia Yu and Analects of Confucius are similar,which can confirm and verify the records of early classical literature such as Analects of Confucius.In terms of the methodology of traditional academic research,the end of the“pseudo book”theory of Kongzi Jia Yu provides a reference for the research methods of Chinese historical literature,and is also a good test of the gains and losses of previous scholars'research.