大学生体育锻炼习惯养成的影响因素及作用机制研究

Research on the Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Cultivating College Students’Physical Exercise Habits

通过对茂名地区大学生的体育锻炼习惯现状的调查研究,阐明其体育锻炼习惯的基本情况,进而验证个人因素(心理:动机、态度;行为:生活方式、锻炼行为)、学校因素、家庭因素和社会因素与体育锻炼习惯的内部相关性。结果显示:大学生体育锻炼习惯现状整体状况良好,男生体育锻炼习惯优于女生,差异性显著;大学生体育锻炼习惯的养成与个人因素(心理:动机、态度;行为:体育锻炼行为)、家庭因素、社会因素呈显著正相关,对大学生体育锻炼习惯的养成具有显著的促进作用;不同性别的大学生体育锻炼习惯养成的影响因素在性别之间具有显著差异性、不同学科专业上差异性不显著。据此,提出以下建议:完善对体育锻炼习惯评价标准的研究,统一评价内容;个人层面培养体育锻炼习惯,树立正确体育锻炼动机,端正持续坚持体育锻炼态度,体验体育锻炼愉悦感和获得感,养成健康生活方式;社会、学校与家庭层面,加强体育网络体系的建立,建立一体化的社会、家庭、学校融合发展的体育生活方式,从宣传、参与到完善设施保障,能够让大学生在体育活动中体验到社会对体育的重视,学校、同学、家庭的支持,从而全方位促进大学生体育锻炼习惯的养成。

Through the research on the current situation of physical exercise habits among college students in Maoming,the study clarifies the basic situation of their physical exercise habits,and then verifies the internal correlation between personal factors(psychology:motivation,attitude;behavior:lifestyle,exercise behavior),school factors,family factors,and social factors and physical exercise habits.The results show that the overall status of college students’physical exercise habits is good,with male students having better physical exercise habits than female students,with significant differences.The cultivation of physical exercise habits among college students is significantly positively correlated with personal factors(psychology:motivation,attitude;behavior:physical exercise behavior),family factors,and social factors,which has a significant promoting effect on the cultivation of physical exercise habits among college students.The influencing factors on the development of physical exercise habits among college students of different genders have significant differences between genders,while differences in different disciplines and majors are not significant.It is suggested to improve the research on evaluation standards for physical exercise habits and unify the evaluation content.At the individual level,it is advised to cultivate physical exercise habits,establish correct motivation for physical exercise,maintain a positive and persistent attitude towards physical exercise,experience a sense of pleasure and gain in physical exercise,and develop a healthy lifestyle.At the social,school,and family levels,it is recommended to strengthen the establishment of a sports network system and establish an integrated sports lifestyle that integrates society,family,and school development.It can enable college students to experience the importance of sports from society and the support from teachers,classmates,and families,thereby comprehensively promoting the cultivation of physical exercise habits among college students.