《六书故》“实一字”的分析与评价

The Analysis and Assessment on “Shiyizi” in Liushugu

戴侗《六书故》使用术语“实一字”讨论了44组字。用今天的眼光看,戴氏所说“实一字”的字关系比较复杂,大致包括:异体字、古今字、同一联绵词的不同写法、包括方言音转词在内的同源词以及通假字、同义词(字)等。在44组实一字中,判断基本正确的有22组,错误的有18组,部分正确的有4组。戴氏的判断不完全准确,失之较宽。

Dai Dong used the term“Shiyizi”to discuss 44 groups of Chinese characters in Liushugu.From today’s point of view,these words of“Shiyizi”are complicated,roughly including:allograph,ancient and modern graphs,variant forms of a two-alliterated words,cognate words,and synonymous words.As for his discussions of the 44 groups,22 groups are basically correct,18 are wrong,and 4 are partly correct.Dai’s judgment is not completely accurate because of a loose criterion.