三一教主林兆恩对三教入世出世论的调和与会通

Analysis of Lin Zhaoen’s Harmonization of the Three Religions’View of Mundane and Transcendental Life

明代中后期,以“闽中异端”之称闻名于世的三一教主林兆恩大倡“三教合一”之论,从而将儒、释、道三教的入世出世观深度融合。首先,林兆恩从“体用合一”之角度提出入世出世不可偏废的原则,从而消解了三教在入世出世观上的差异。其次,他又以“心”作为判别三教入世出世之依据,通过“心”来论证三教在入世出世观上的一致性。最后,他站在儒家立场,以“归儒宗孔”论调停了三教在教化方面的矛盾和冲突。

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,Lin Zhaoen,who was known as the“Fujian heresy”,advocated the theory of“the unity of the three religions”,thus deeply integrating the three religions of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.First of all,Lin Zhao-en put forward the principle of“integration of fundamental structure and practical use”,thus resolving the differences between the three religions from the perspective of combing mundane and transcendental point of view.Secondly,he takes“heart”as the basis for judging the three religions’view of mundane and transcendental life,and proves the consistency of the three religions’view of living mundane or transcendental life through“heart”.Finally,he stood on the standpoint of Confucianism and reconciled the contradictions and conflicts between the three religions in the aspect of education with the theory of“returning to Confucianism and respecting Confucius”.