《文选》诗“以类相分”本义探析——兼论乐府作为诗歌题材的依据

A Study on the Classification Standards of Poetry in Zhao Ming Selected Works-Why can Yuefu poetry serve as an independent poetic theme

从《诗经》开始到《杂拟诗》三十首为止,中国诗歌的分类一直以诗歌功用为标准,并在此基础上产生诗歌题材的观念。在这一发展历程的观照下,可以确定《文选》诗“以类相分”的“类”就是诗歌题材。而《文选》划分题材的依据就是诗歌的使用功能和创作传统。《文选》之所以将乐府单独立为一体,是因为乐府诗歌创作传统的传承和延续,形成了游子思妇、格言劝勉类等具有特定内涵和使用场景的题材。挽歌与杂歌的作为乐府边缘题材,也因为文人拟作的原因而形成创作传统,故而单列成为一种题材。

Since the Book of Songs,the classification standard for Chinese poetry has always been the functional use of poetry,and on this basis,different themes of poetry have been formed.From this literary tradition,it can be seen that the standard for dividing poetry in Zhao Ming Selected Works should also be the theme of poetry.This is the original meaning of what Xiao Tong said about“arranging poetry by type”(诗以类分).Xiao Tong divided poetry into different analogies based on its usage function and creative tradition.Yuefu poetry formed a fixed tradition in the process of creation,so Xiao Tong listed it as a poetic theme separately.