英国铁桥峡布里斯露天博物馆的遗产阐释策略

Interpretation strategies of Blists Hill Victorian Town,the Bristol Ironbridge Gorge Open-Air Museum in the United Kingdom

近年来,露天博物馆日益成为国内外乡村遗产、建筑遗产等特定遗产类型保护利用的重要手段,但我国的相关案例多聚焦于对国外遗产空间形态的借鉴模仿,忽视了遗产本体的有效阐释,导致难以实现教育和传播遗产价值的目的。英国铁桥峡布里斯露天博物馆在遗产阐释方面是一个显著的案例,该馆的遗产阐释策略可归纳为:全景展示,重历史情境的再现与重构;活态演绎,重社会形态的演示与体验;多元空间,重生活环境的探索与发现,其对我国露天博物馆的发展具有启发意义。

In recent years,open-air museums have increasingly become essential for protecting and utilizing specific heritage types,such as rural and architectural sites.However,many related cases in China have focused on imitating and replicating the spatial forms of foreign heritage while neglecting the effective interpretation of the heritage itself.This has made it challenging to educate the public and disseminate the value of heritage.The Ironbridge Gorge Open-Air Museum in Bristol,United Kingdom,is a remarkable example of heritage interpretation.The museum's interpretation strategies can be summarized as follows:1.panoramic display—the reproduction and reconstruction of historical contexts;2.living enactment—the demonstration and experiential presentation of social forms;3.diverse spaces—the exploration and discovery of living environments.These strategies provide significant inspiration for the development of open-air museums in China.