晋中传统山地民居适应地形的节地营建模式研究

Research on the land saving construction mode of traditional dwellings adapted to terrain in Jinzhong mountain

为在晋中地区乡村振兴建设中达到集约高效的利用土地、缓解人地矛盾的目标,基于节地视角,探究了晋中传统山地民居与地形的适应关系及其空间特征.首先分析了不同山地地质、坡度条件下民居基面的施工工艺,提出“勒脚式、下挖式、挖填结合式”三种民居基面的处理方式;其次采用坡度分级的分类方式,结合民居实例探讨每类地形中民居院落的组织方式及空间特征,提出了“缓坡地形、斜陡坡地形、急陡坡地形”三大类院落与地形坡度相互映射的营建模式;最终通过对典型民居所在地形坡度、占地面积及土地利用率的量化统计分析,揭示了晋中传统山地民居土地利用率与民居所在地形坡度呈现正相关趋势的节地规律.提出了晋中传统山地民居在基面处理-空间组织-节地机理三方面适应于地形的节地营建模式,体现出传统民居在解决人地矛盾中所呈现的营建智慧,对当代乡村振兴建设活动提供了参考与借鉴.

In order to achieve the goal of intensive and efficient use of land and ease the contradiction between man and land in the rural revitalization construction of Jinzhong area.Based on the perspective of land saving,to explores the adaptive relationship between traditional mountain dwellings and terrain in Jinzhong and its spatial characteristics.Firstly,to analyze the construction technology of residential foundation under different mountain geology and slope conditions,and puts forward three treatment methods of residential foundation,namely,“legging type,undercutting type and excavation-filling type”.Secondly,the classification method of slope classification is used to discuss the organization mode and spatial characteristics of residential courtyards in each type of terrain combined with residential examples,and the construction mode of“gentle slope terrain,oblique steep slope terrain and steep slope terrain”is proposed.Finally,through the quantitative statistical analysis of the terrain slope,land cover area and land utilization rate of typical dwellings,the paper reveals the land saving law of Jinzhong traditional mountain dwellings which presents a positive correlation trend between the land utilization rate and the terrain slope of the dwellings.To forward the land saving construction mode of traditional mountain dwellings in Jinzhong,which is adapted to the terrain from three aspects:foundation treatment,space organization and land saving mechanism,which reflects the construction wisdom of traditional dwellings in solving the contradiction between man and land,and provides reference for the contemporary rural revitalization construction activities.