背角无齿蚌和背瘤丽蚌中20种元素的积累特征

Bioaccumulation characteristics of 20 elements between Anodonta woodiana and Lamprotula leai

为有效保护我国淡水贝类,应用电感耦合等离子质谱仪检测了资源量锐减的我国特有物种背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)和国家重点保护的背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai)中必需元素(常量元素:Na、Mg、K、Ca;微量元素:Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se、Mo)和非必需/有毒元素(Al、As、Sr、Cd、Ba、Tl、Pb)的含量,进而进行元素积累相关性分析及积累评价。结果显示:背角无齿蚌中必需元素Se和Mo含量显著高于背瘤丽蚌,而Na、K和Cr含量显著低于背瘤丽蚌(P<0.05);背角无齿蚌中非必需/有毒元素Al、As、Sr、Cd含量显著高于背瘤丽蚌(P<0.05)。背角无齿蚌和背瘤丽蚌中分别有37对和34对元素之间显著相关,其中,Mg-Mo、CaMn、Ca-Zn、Mn-Zn、Ca-Sr和Mo-Sr在两种蚌中均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而Mg-Al和Fe-Tl均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。背角无齿蚌和背瘤丽蚌的元素积累指数(EAI)分别为3.7和3.2;两种蚌中无机As、Cd和Pb的残留量指数(RI)为0.2~39.1,背角无齿蚌中Cd的RI显著高于背瘤丽蚌(P<0.05)。研究表明背角无齿蚌的元素积累能力总体强于背瘤丽蚌,它们的资源量受到Cd、Pb、As、Al和Tl等元素影响。

To effectively protect Chinese freshwater mussels,essential elements including the major elements Na,Mg,K,and Ca and trace elements of Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Se,and Mo,and non-essential/toxic elements,that is,Al,As,Sr,Cd,Ba,Tl,Pb,were investigated in Anodonta woodiana and Lamprotula leai.A.woodiana is endemic to China.L.leai has been newly listed as Class II priority wildlife.Both mussel resources have been sharply reduced.Element accumulation correlation analysis and accumulation evaluation were performed.The results have shown that concentrations of essential elements Se and Mo were significantly higher in A.woodiana than those of L.leai.Meanwhile,concentrations of Na,K,and Cr were significantly lower than those of L.leai(P<0.05).Concentrations of non-essential/toxic elements Al,As,Sr,and Cd were significantly higher in A.woodiana than that in L.leai(P<0.05).There were significant correlations between 37 and 34 pairs of elements in A.woodiana and L.leai,respectively.Among them,Mg-Mo,Ca-Mn,Ca-Zn,Mn-Zn,Ca-Sr and Mo-Sr showed significant positive correlations in both mussels(P<0.05).Meanwhile,Mg-Al and Fe-Tl showed significant negative correlations(P<0.05).The element accumulation indices(EAI)in A.woodiana and L.leai were 3.7 and 3.2,respectively.The residual indices(RI)of inorganic As,Cd,and Pb for both mussels ranged from 0.2 to 39.1.The RI of Cd was significantly higher in A.woodiana than that of L.leai(P<0.05).These findings suggest that the element accumulation capacity of A.woodiana is generally stronger than that of L.leai,and their resources are affected by elements such as Cd,Pb,As,Al,and Tl.