古代帝陵中的“合葬”“祔葬”与“陪葬”

On the‘Joint Burials’,‘Accompanied Burials’,‘Attendant Burials’of Ancient Imperial Mausoleums

“合葬”“祔葬”与“陪葬”是帝王陵墓葬制的重要内容,显示出后妃、宗室以及功臣等人员同帝王的从属关系,同时也是历代王朝政治格局、丧葬礼制的重要反映。“合葬”始终是帝后同葬的重要表达方式,是古代社会道德伦理和礼仪秩序的根本;“祔葬”和“陪葬”因时代不同而内涵有所差异,整体反映了从先秦时期“天下国家”向汉代以后“家国同构”的转化。

The three types of burials that were found in imperial mausoleums,namely‘joint burials’,‘accompanied burials’,and‘attendant burials’were important components in the imperial funeral system.These three types of burials also represent various subordinate relationships between the emperors and their concubines,family members,and meritorious officials.‘Joint burial’,or burying the Emperor and Empress together,was the principle embodying ancient ethic and ritual orders.The meaning of‘accompanied burials’and‘attendant burials’varied slightly in different periods,representing the transformation from‘Tianxia Guojia’(state and household all under the heavan)during the Pre-Qin period to‘Jiaguo Tonggou’(building the state as one’s household)from the Han period onward.