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飞机排放对机场周边环境的影响研究

Research on impact of aircraft emissions on surrounding environment of airports
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摘要 为真实有效地评估航空排放污染物对机场及其周边环境的影响,构建了多因素融合下的飞机LTO(landing and take-off,起飞降落着陆)循环排放污染物扩散评估模型。依据机载QAR(quick access recorder,快速存取记录器)数据中表征发动机实际运行的诸多参数,准确获取污染物排放量,进而确定实时排放源强;建立飞行坐标系,结合飞机实际运行状况及机场周边环境因素对Gaussian puff模型进行修正。依据飞机不同飞行阶段下排放污染物质量浓度分布,确定了污染物扩散趋势,进而完成:①排放污染物扩散质量浓度超标地理范围确定;②排放污染物对常见区域影响分析;③多架次飞机排放污染物叠加扩散影响分析;④排放污染物质量浓度监测点设置。通过计算得出装配GE90-115B型发动机的B777-300ER飞机LTO循环中排放污染物扩散峰值质量浓度主要集中在26.05~576 mg/m^(3)范围内,进近阶段污染物排放高度集中在446.49~593.67 m,下风向污染物质量浓度超标地理范围为0~647 m;起飞爬升阶段污染物排放高度集中在起飞前期1.34~96.03 m,下风向污染物质量浓度超标地理范围为0~127 m。下风向管制区域647~1000 m污染物扩散质量浓度未超标,但对环境造成的影响不可忽视。 In order to truly and effectively assess the impact of aviation pollutants on the airport and its surrounding environment,an aircraft LTO(landing and take-off)cyclic pollutant emission diffusion evaluation model under multi-factor fusion was constructed.According to the parameters characterizing the actual operation of the engine in the airborne QAR(quick access recorder)data,the pollutant emissions can be accurately obtained,and then the real-time emission source strength can be determined;the flight coordinate system was established,and the actual operating conditions of the aircraft were combined.The surrounding environmental factors of the airport amended the Gaussian puff model.According to the distribution of pollutant emission concentration in different flight stages of the aircraft,the pollutant diffusion trend was determined,and then:(1)the geographic range of the emission pollutant diffusion concentration exceeding the standard was determined;(2)the impact of the emission pollutants on common areas was analyzed;(3)the impact of superposition and diffusion of pollutants discharged by multiple aircraft was analyzed;(4)monitoring points for the concentration of discharged pollutants were set.Through calculation,it was concluded that the peak concentration of emission pollutants in the LTO cycle of the B777-300ER aircraft equipped with GE90-115B engines was mainly concentrated in the range of 26.05-576 mg/m^(3),and the pollutant emission height in the approach stage was concentrated in the range of 446.49-593.67 m,the geographical range of pollutant concentrations in the downwind direction exceeding the standard was 0-647 m;the pollutant emission height in the take-off and climbing stage was concentrated in the early stage of take-off at 1.34-96.03 m,and the pollutant concentration in the downwind direction exceeded the standard geographical range of 0-127 m.The pollutant diffusion concentration of 647-1000 m in the downwind control area did not exceed the standard,but the impact on the environment cannot be ignored.
作者 曹惠玲 晏嘉伟 匡家骏 李玉铭 CAO Huiling;YAN Jiawei;KUANG Jiajun;LI Yuming(School of Aeronautical Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处 《航空动力学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第10期2501-2515,共15页 Journal of Aerospace Power
基金 中国民航大学开放基金(000031020102)。
关键词 LTO循环 QAR数据 Gaussian puff模型 评估模型 影响范围 LTO cycle QAR data Gaussian puff model evaluation model scope of influence
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