改善重度下肢障碍人群居家沐浴需求的国际经验借鉴

International Experience in Improving Home Bathing Needs of People with Severe Lower Extremity Disorders

沐浴障碍是重度肢体障碍人群普遍面临的生活问题,与个体的行为能力损失和居家沐浴环境息息相关。本研究聚焦下肢障碍人群居家沐浴现状与障碍情况,分析不同残疾程度人群的表现差异,并基于下肢障碍人群沐浴与助浴的需求,进一步讨论居家沐浴环境普遍存在的无障碍问题和助浴服务开展的困境。借鉴美国和日本在住房无障碍标准建设和助浴服务开展等方面的经验,从居住环境改善和生活支持服务两个层面,对完善残障群体生活保障体系建设提出建议。

Bathing disorder is a common life problem faced by people with severe physical disorders,which is closely related to the loss of individual behavioral ability and home bathing environment.This study focuses on the current situation and obstacles of people with lower extremity disorders in home bathing,analyzes the performance differences of people with different degrees of disability,and further discusses the common accessibility problems in home bathing environment and the difficulties in developing auxiliary bath services based on the needs of people with lower extremity disorders.Drawing on the experience of the United States and Japan in the construction of barrier-free housing standards and the development of auxiliary bath services,this paper puts forward suggestions on the improvement of the living security system for disabled groups from the two aspects of the improvement of living environment and life support services.