历史上的洱海水上活动与造船

Water Activities and Shipbuilding in Erhai Lake during Historical Period

洱海沿岸各族人民拥有悠久的水上活动历史,先民们可能从新石器时代开始就探索舟船技术,或捕鱼,或运输,或架桥(舟桥),从竹筏、木筏到凿木成舟,历经漫长岁月,在学习和吸收中原地区造船技术的基础上,掌握了建造各类木制渔船、农船、风帆运输船的技术工艺。根据文献记载和出土文物判断,洱海先民水上活动的历史至少可以追溯到公元前1150年,建造大型木帆船的历史至少可以追溯到公元前300年至公元前280年。考察洱海木船形制和建造工艺可以发现,船型、造船工具和建造程序、工艺、材料与中原地区有很大的相似性,可以佐证史料关于“南诏王又请中原船匠入滇,造龙船巨舟,并传技于洱河船家赵姓巨匠”的记载的真实性,同时也否定了李约瑟关于洱海船可能受印度影响的猜测。

People of all nationalities along Erhai Lake have a long history of water activities.Ancestors may have explored boat technology since the Neolithic Age,or fishing,or transportation,or bridge(boat bridge),from bamboo raft,raft to cut wood into boats,after a long time,on the basis of learning and absorbing the shipbuilding technology of the Central Plains,Master the construction of various types of wooden fishing boats,agricultural boats,sail carrier technology.According to literature records and archaeological relics,the history of water activities of Erhai ancestors can be traced back to at least 1150 BC,and the history of building large wooden sailing ships can be traced back to at least 300 BC to 280 BC.By investigating the shape and construction technology of wooden boats in Erhai Lake,we can find that the boat type,shipbuilding tools,construction procedures,techniques and materials are very similar to those in the Central Plains,which can prove the authenticity of the historical records about"the king of Nanzhao invited Central Plains shipmasters to enter Yunnan to build dragon boats and giant boats,and passed on the skills to a master surnamed Zhao,a boatman in Erhai River".It also rejected Joseph Needham's speculation that Erhai might have been influenced by India.